The Secret to a Happy Dog is to Let Them Get Their Sniff On

by Lori Ennis

Published: October 24th, 2017

the secret to a happy dog is to let them get their sniff on

Dogs have about 800 receptor genes for smell alone, and Dog Cognition researcher Dr. Alexandra Horowitz says that we might just want to let them do their smelling thing after all, if we want the happiest dogs!

Dr. Alexandra Horowitz is a psychologist with Barnard College, and she specializes in dog cognition, particularly relating to their sense of smell. Last fall, she published the illuminating book, Being A Dog: Following A Dog Into The World Of Smell, which detailed how poor humans are compared to dogs when it comes to our sense of smell. Where we humans have maybe six million olfactory receptor cells in our noses, our canine counterparts have anywhere between 200 million and one billion, depending on the dog’s breed.

Where we depend mostly on sight (and by the way, we only have three receptor genes that allow us to see all the colors in the world), dogs have about 800 receptor genes for smell alone. They are literally creatures built with super noses, and we had the chance to talk to Dr. Horowitz about what this means for our pups, and for how even we can interact better in our world with them and others around us.

Q. When researching for your book, what was the most surprising thing that came to you?

Dr. Horowitz: Well, I’m a dog behaviorist. I want to know what dogs think about, how they know things and what things are like from their point of view. Dogs use their olfactory senses to explore the world much like we humans use our sight to navigate in a visual world. What I find so surprising is that dogs’ ability to smell and use their sense of smell to find and determine things is just amazing, particularly when we look at it compared to our ability, and I think we haven’t even gotten close to discovering the potential there. In my work, I learned of a rescue dog named Tucker who tracks Orca whales from the smell of their scat in the Peugeot Sound! I think that ability is phenomenal!

Q: Wow! Me too!! How in the world does that even happen? What breed dog was that? Is there a difference in breeds?

Dr. Horowitz: Honestly, a lot of these phenomenal dogs are rescue-dogs/non-special breeds that have high drives. Dogs, simply because of genetics, have the ability to smell as they do, and these high-drive dogs are trained to sniff specific odors out and care about them. Then they can be used in amazing ways that humans haven’t even gotten close to understanding fully.

Q: That’s an interesting concept. Anything particular you are talking about that?

Dr. Horowitz: I think it is incredible that dogs are being used more and more to sniff out things that we humans wouldn’t even particularly think had ‘odors.’ For instance, dogs are used to detect oncoming earthquakes and seizures in people and even cancers, and I just find it remarkable that these creatures can do that. I think there’s so much potential there!

Q: What kind of potential?

Dr. Horowitz: There’s potential for the dogs to do amazing things for humans, or course, but I also feel like there is tremendous potential for us humans as well. In my research, I wanted to try to get in the mind of a dog and really and purposely train myself to look for and smell different odors. We often find it odd or embarrassing to use our sense of smell in social interactions, but humans could take notes from dogs. The subtleties in smells around us can really lead us to even more enjoyable moments in our lives and with our dogs. In purposely trying to take note of smell and the associations with them, I feel like I’ve opened up a latent superpower!

Q: So, if dogs are such olfactory-driven creatures, since we love them so much, what can we do to best accommodate their needs and who they genetically are?

Dr. Horowitz: We need to let them smell and sniff! I know it seems socially rude when our dogs are sniffing our friends or guests, but that’s who they are and what they do. It’s their world and how they experience it. Also, I am an advocate of walks just for the experience of sniffing and smelling different things in the world. Let them go just for the purpose of discovering with their noses and I believe this enriches their life tremendously. Some even take their pets to Nosework classes and I believe those are really pleasurable for dogs because it allows them to utilize their incredible sense of smell in a way that also stimulates and challenges them, while also increasing the relationship and bond between their humans! A win for both!

Dr. Horowitz’s book is really fascinating and sheds light on how to make the most of your dog’s sense of smell, and the relationship you have with Fido. Check it out!

Lori Ennis

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Pest Control Companies Using Dogs to Sniff Out Bedbugs

The thought of bedbugs gives us the heebie jeebies, which is why we love the idea of exterminators using trained bed bug detection dogs. The thought of bedbugs give me the willies. I am not a huge fan of hotels (though I find them a necessary evil because I love traveling) and I always, in the back of my mind, wonder what little creatures I may encounter. Related: CIA Bomb-Sniffing Dropout Puppy Prefers To Smell The Roses I know they’re not just limited to hotels…they can be anywhere from the movie theater to the airport and your local furniture store. Pest control companies can get rid of them, but it’s not easy, and they recommend having good prevention as a key ingredient to protecting your home from an infestation. So how much do I love that there is a company that uses dogs to sniff them out? Louis Robinson owns Robinson Dog Training, and he trains dogs to sniff out bedbugs for pest control companies in the Phoenix, AZ area. He said that dogs are much more reliable than humans are when it comes to seeing and/or detecting the bugs, and that studies show that 99% of the time a dog will detect bed bugs where a human can only do so about 30% of the time. Additionally, dogs, with their super sniffers, can find bugs in less than a minute, if trained properly, while it could take several hours for trained human inspectors to come up with anything. Robinson is a former bomb detection dog handler for the US Air Force and has trained dogs to look for everything from bombs to rattlesnakes to toads. He added that a large business that might take inspectors 2-3 hours to search through, could be done in less than a minute by a trained bed bug dog. Robinson started out as a bomb dog handler for the US Air Force before launching his dog training business. He has trained police dogs, therapy dogs, service dogs, protection dogs, and dogs who are able to detect everything from Sonoran toads to rattlesnakes. His bed bug company, Bug Dog Pro, specifically looks for bed bugs, and with a sweet rescue dog named Lucy at the helm. Lucy was covered in mud, Robinson said, when they found her, and she now understands English and German commands with training. Related: The Secret to a Happy Dog is to Let Them Get Their Sniff On He taught Lucy how to sniff the bugs out after Robinson scraped dead bugs into a container for her to learn the scent, and now she’s a pro. Robinson says that Lucy has been all over, at various public buildings, and she’s able to detect bed bugs before infestations occur, as that’s a pivotal time. He also says that bed bugs don’t care about how clean or dirty some place is–they’re just looking for your blood. Lucy, and other dogs like her, can prevent that before there is ever an infestation. Sounds like reason number 1,294,827,821 why dogs are simply amazing!

England’s First Water-Sniffing Dog Helps Find Leaky Pipes

How’s this for spectacular sniffing ability–a Cocker Spaniel is claiming the title of Britain’s first sniffer dog that can detect water leaks in pipes. You sort of think with their amazing olfactory abilities, dogs are able to sniff just about anything out. And you’re probably right, so much so that a utilities company in the UK is putting those abilities of a 16-month-old cocker spaniel named Snipe to use–smelling seemingly smell-less water. Well, the chlorine in the water, that is. Related: Super Dog Sniffs Out Superbugs at Vancouver Hospital Snipe has been through extensive training by former military personnel in order to detect minute amounts of chlorine in tap water. United Utilities supplies three about million homes in the North West of England with water, and being able to preempt leaks is an amazing thing. That’s where Snipe uses his superior sniffing skills–to pinpoint possible water leaks, and what he can do is pretty phenomenal! Typical tap water has one part chlorine per million parts water. That’s quite a dilution, but a dog’s nose can detect one particle in a billion, so it’s no sweat to Snipe. Snipe’s owner Ross Stephenson is with a pest extermination company and has been training Snipe since last year to detect the chlorine. He said he started off by putting bigger amounts of chlorine in water to get him used to the smell he’d be rewarded for finding and then used smaller bowls and finally outside areas to train Snipe to find chlorine in small amounts. Stephenson served with the Royal Veterinary Corps as a corporal and deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. He left the military two years ago, and has been working with pest control since. Training Snipe has been a fun and rewarding adventure, and in the end results in what they hope will be Snipe sitting /standing and staring at the ground where the source of a smell is for at least 30 seconds to indicate passively the presence of chlorine.

Bug-Sniffing Dog Protects Pepper Crops in Canada

Dogs are not only our best friends, but they’re sources of help in situations where pesticides won’t work. In response to a pepper weevil infestation last year, a Canadian farm has taken a dog on as a pest control staff member. NatureFresh Farms in Leamington, Ontario had a big bug problem last year. More particularly, a little bug known as the pepper weevil caused big trouble, and destroyed bell pepper crops. Related: Pest Control Companies Using Dogs to Sniff Out Bedbugs Pest control experts and farmers alike had a horrible time getting things under control, and so this year, NatureFresh Farms looked to man’s best friend to help a farmer out. Yep, they got a dog, trained and registered to find the pepper weevil. Chili is the newest member of their team, says Cam Lyons, who is an integrated pest management scout at NatureFresh Farms. He says that to the best of their knoweldge, Chili is the only dog in the world looking for this little pest in a greenhouse. Chili is just two-years-old, with all the rambunctiousness that a puppy can muster, and is a Belgian Shepherd bred in Mexico. Her only mission, and what she was trained for before NatureFresh brought her on, is to find the pepper weevil before it finds and destroys all the bell pepper crops again. Lyons said that the pepper weevil is difficult to control with traditional methods. The females lay eggs on top of the pepper, and then when the eggs hatch, the new insects feed on the pepper and kill the plant. Related: The Secret to a Happy Dog is to Let Them Get Their Sniff On But now, with Chili essentially playing daily games of hide-and-seek, her handler, Tina Heide, says that she sniffs out walls, floors and crates to ensure the little buggers aren’t around. Since they’ve not found any pepper weevils this year, Heide keeps some vials of the pests to keep Chili’s nose up to sniff when it comes to looking for them on the regular, as there is no way of knowing when or where they’ll come and hit the crops. Heide says it’s important that Chili keeps the scent in her mind and nose. And Chili loves it…thinks playing games all day with her buddies is the best thing ever, and clearly enjoys her work. Lyons says that he believes a scent-detection dog would be of value on every farm and they are thrilled to have Chili on theirs!

The Nose Knows: Puppy Protects Priceless Artwork in Boston

He’s a masterpiece! A 12-year-old Weimaraner in Boston is showing the world that protecting priceless artwork really is a dog’s work. In Boston, a 12-week-old puppy has a very important job. In fact, Riley’s job is one some might call priceless. That’s because he is trained specifically to sniff out moths or other pests that might damage pieces of artwork in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. High-value and irreplaceable pieces of artwork, that is. Related: Bug-Sniffing Dog Protects Pepper Crops in Canada Katie Getchell is the deputy director of the museum and she says that bringing Riley, and his nose, specifically, into the museum is part of a trial project to see if he’s even going to be good at it, and how feasible a protection plan it really could be. Riley is the family pet of museum employee Nicki Luongo. Luongo trains police dogs on her own time, and some began to question whether or not she could train Riley to sniff out the horrible insects that love to eat through priceless pieces of artwork–specifically the canvas, textiles and wood. Dogs’ noses have long been trained to sniff out bedbugs, ants, cancer, explosives, bodies and other things…so why not moths and other art-eating pests? The museum has a pest-control protocol, but if successful, Riley could be an extra layer of protection against the one million people (and the insects that might ride on their clothes) that visit the museum each year. Pepe Peruyero owns a dog-training company called Pepedogs, and he says that they’ve been able to train dogs to work accurately and consistently with specific insects, so the museum’s plan is a sound one. And while dogs are known for detecting scents, and with accuracy, it’s the telling to the human that Riley will need to perfect. The current plan is to teach him to learn the scent of specific bugs that are harmful, and then to sit in front of the artwork he smells them in when he does. Then humans can follow and thoroughly investigate. Related: The Secret to a Happy Dog is to Let Them Get Their Sniff On Getchell says that Riley’s success could be helpful for other museums who are looking to protect their art as well, but she also said that Riley’s work will be completely out of the public’s eye and only after hours. The museum doesn’t want their focus to be having a moth-sniffing dog, but they do understand that Riley has a public already and are looking into ways to meet the needs of Riley’s ‘fans.’ Getchell says the staff understands the excitement, and will certainly not deprive the public of Riley’s adorableness. After he’s finished working, of course!

Study: Dogs Are Red-Green Colorblind

Researchers have discovered that dogs have difficulty discerning between red and green, much like humans who are colorblind. Researchers in the department of veterinary medicine at the University of Bari in Italy have found that dogs have a hard time differentiating between red and green, and this could be something trainers want to keep in mind when working on grass or wearing red clothing or shoes. Related: The Secret to a Happy Dog is to Let Them Get Their Sniff On Dr. Marcello Siniscalchi said that dogs in the wild are most active at dusk or dawn, and they don’t necessarily need color vision. Because we’ve domesticated dogs, and they tend to be more awake in the daytime than ever before, their eyes may not have evolved to differentiate. The researchers have developed a test which gave them this information, and Dr. Siniscalchi says that dogs being red-green color-blind is important not just for people who are training dogs but for owners who may want to make sure that they have their dog’s full attention. If playing fetch at the park, for instance, Siniscalchi says that using a blue frisbee or ball instead of red would be advantageous to the dog if it was falling on green grass, and that can generally help the relationship between dogs and their owners. The researchers used a modified version of a color test for humans. It’s called Ishihara’s test, and it has numbers hidden in colors. People who cannot see the numbers are red-green color-blind. For the dogs, they used an image of a cat instead of numbers. Related: Study: Your Dog Really Is Giving You Puppy Dog Eyes Dr. Siniscalchi said that dogs acted like humans who can’t see the numbers when they were shown the images, which made them believe they couldn’t see the image. They hypothesized further that dogs had a hard time telling the difference between brown and orange, though they didn’t use those colors in their modified testing. They hope the research will be used in other animals in the animal kingdom.

Urine Tests Could Now Provide Early Detection of Cancer in Dogs

Cancer doesn’t discriminate – it affects all creatures around the world, including our cherished pets. Learning that your  dog has cancer can be such a devastating thing, but sadly, it is so common nowadays. John Robertson, research professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics at Virginia Tech says in his interview for  WTOP News  that “one in four dogs will be diagnosed with cancer,” and that “by the time they’re middle-aged, 50% of dogs will die of cancer after the age of 10 years.”Professor Robertson is part of a vast research team that has developed an innovative new noninvasive rapid test that utilizes a dog’s urine and allows potential early detection of cancer. “Usually, when a dog gets diagnosed with cancer, it’s usually quite advanced, with visible signs — we’re trying to detect cancer before these physical symptoms appear,” said fellow researcher Ryan Senger, associate professor in the Department of Biological Systems Engineering. “Cancer is going to change overall metabolism inside the body, and it’s going to change the way the kidneys function, which can be observed in the urine screening process,” Senger added.Through samples of dog urine, the research team discovered that cancerous subjects amongst the observed molecules had a unique “fingerprint” that could be used to indicate the presence of cancer. “We would like to be able to have dogs screened earlier, before cancer develops, throughout their lifetime, perhaps a once-a-year urine specimen,” said Robertson. “That tells us what the molecular fingerprint of the urine is, so if it changes and falls into that realm of fingerprints that define cancer, we’d be able to pay more attention to figure out what’s going on with the dog.”Robertson also added that there are 12 breeds of purebred dogs that have a much higher incidence of cancer. “We’re going to focus on being able to institute early, regular screening that’s going to help pick up earlier when they’re developing cancer, in the hopes that we can get better outcomes.”However, veterinary care is typically subsidized by the owner, Robertson emphasized, which is opposite to medical care, which is often paid for by insurance. “So, we intend to make our tests readily available at a price point that everyone can afford to regularly have their dog examined and screened.”, the professor added. Robertson said that urine screening is currently being researched, to determine whether it could be applied to humans as well, potentially bringing great changes to the discovery of cancer cells. The team’s findings were published in  Frontiers in Veterinary Science and make us very optimistic for the future of preventive veterinary medicine – an inexpensive, accurate way to screen for a potentially fatal illness could be life-changing for so many pets and their owners. Not to mention the implications if such a test could be adapted to be used on humans, as well! 

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Can Stress or Anxiety Cause Diarrhea in Dogs?

Dogs are no strangers to stress and anxiety. While most pooches are the picture of the tail-wagging, carefree dog whose only stress is that they have to wait for their next meal, some have it a bit more ruff. Anxiety in dogs can vary from mild to severe, triggered by specific and occasional stressors (such as  fireworks, for example) or present on a daily level. Naturally, your pet’s state of mind has a big impact on their overall health, so it doesn’t surprise that dogs with anxiety often have tummy issues. But does that mean that a stressful situation or anxiety can directly cause diarrhea in dogs? Having in mind that, in a way, your pet’s mental health is connected to their digestion, it sounds highly probable.How Stress and Anxiety Can Cause DiarrheaSo how does it work? The connection between the brain and the gut, often referred to as the gut-brain axis, plays a crucial role in the overall health and well-being of dogs. When dogs experience stress or anxiety, it can trigger a cascade of physiological responses, including changes in gut motility, secretion of digestive enzymes, and alterations in the composition of gut microbiota. These disruptions can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea.When stress or anxiety takes hold, it's not just a matter of frazzled nerves. These emotional states can set off a domino effect within your dog's digestive system. Rather than a simple list of effects, think of it as a cascade of events:Picture your dog feeling anxious during a  thunderstorm or while being left alone. This emotional response triggers a surge of adrenaline, part of the body's "fight or flight" response. Blood flow shifts away from the digestive organs and toward the muscles, heart, and lungs, hastening gut motility.Meanwhile, the delicate balance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, known as the microbiome, is disrupted by stress. This dysbiosis can lead to inflammation, changes in gut permeability, and an upset stomach.Furthermore, chronic stress weakens the immune system, leaving your dog more susceptible to infections and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.Beyond these physiological effects, stress-related behaviors like excessive chewing,  licking, or ingesting non-food items can irritate the digestive tract, exacerbating diarrhea.How To Deal With Stress-Related Diarrhea in DogsIf your dog is experiencing stress-related diarrhea, there are several things you can do to alleviate their discomfort and ensure a speedier recovery.Before anything else, it’s essential to identify and address stressors. Determine the underlying causes of your dog's stress or anxiety and take steps to minimize or eliminate them where possible. This may involve providing a calm, predictable environment, addressing separation anxiety, or using  desensitization techniques for noise phobias.Next, support their digestion with a mild, nurturing diet and the right supplements. Your pet’s tummy is upset, so you shouldn’t neglect the importance of rebalancing their gut biome and helping their digestion. Instead of their usual kibble, offer them a bit of broth, some cooked rice, or boiled chicken breast. Additionally, a digestive supplement such as  Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets FortiFlora Powder can work wonders in managing symptoms of diarrhea. With a combination of special probiotics and antioxidants, this powdered supplement will quickly restore your pet’s GI tract and help their stool get back to its normal consistency. And since it’s packed with live microorganisms to benefit beneficial intestinal microflora, it can also help treat excessive gas and other digestion-related troubles, so it’s good to keep stocked in your pet’s first aid kit, especially if they have a sensitive stomach. 

How To Tell if a Cat Is Cold

Despite your cat’s luxurious coat, they can feel cold sometimes, and it’s important to make it easy for them to warm up because, if they get too cold, they could become hypothermic. Keep reading to learn how to spot the signs that your cat is cold, and how to help them feel warm and comfortable.Signs Your Cat Is ColdCats of all ages and breeds can feel the effects of the cold, but kittens, seniors, and those who are ill are more susceptible. And, of course, hairless cats can get cold even faster. Here are some of the ways to tell if your cat is cold:Your cat’s body feels cold – Feel your cat’s body to see if they’re cold to the touch. If their ears, paws, and tail are colder than normal, they may need help warming up. Your cat’s posture changes – A cat who’s cold may curl up in a ball to try to warm up. You might also find them puffing up their fur or they might be in a hunched position as they try to conserve heat. Your cat is looking for warmer spots – A kitty who’s feeling the chill in the air will find the warmest spots in the house. They might get under the thick blanket on your bed, or they might insist on sitting in your lap. And you might find them spending more time near a heater or fireplace. During the day, they might also move to areas that get more sunshine to feel its warmth.Your cat isn’t as active – When a cat feels too cold, they may become less active. If your pet is sleeping more or appears lethargic, first make sure that another medical issue isn’t to blame. If it’s because they’re cold, take action to warm them up, including turning up the heat in your home. Bear in mind that cats with certain conditions, such as arthritis, might feel even more discomfort when it’s cold, and this can lead to changes in activity level and behavior too.Your cat starts shivering – Like people, cats shiver when they’re very cold, and this is a sign that you need to warm them up right away. But because this could also be a symptom of other problems, from illness and pain to stress and fear, be sure to determine if temperature is really the culprit.What To Do if Your Cat Is ColdThere are many ways to help your feline friend feel cozy and comfortable, such as:Give your cat a cozy bed and blanket in a warm spotWhen you see that your cat is feeling cold, give them a warm bed that they can rest in to warm up. There are heated beds that you plug in, as well as self-warming beds that work without electricity. Plus, there are heated pads that can be helpful in making your kitty feel cozy. And you can let your cat crawl under a soft blanket for extra warmth. Just be sure to use heated beds and pads as directed to prevent injuries. Let your cat relax in a warm area in the house, such as near a heat source or in a spot where the sunshine streams in during the day. Move your pet away from drafts.Snuggle with your catOnce your cat finds a comfortable spot on the bed or sofa, you can lie down next to them to help them warm up with your body heat. They’re sure to love the attention, and you’ll get to be near your purring feline friend.  Put sweaters on your catAs long as your kitty doesn’t mind wearing clothes, you can use sweaters to keep them warm on chilly days. This is especially useful for hairless kitties. And you can use clothes to keep your cat warm while exploring the outdoors with you.Protect cats who spend time outsideIf your pet is an adventure cat who goes outside with you, or an indoor/outdoor cat who goes out on their own, check outdoor temperatures first. Generally, it’s best to let them spend time outside only when it’s at least 45°F (7°C), but every cat is different, so some might only feel comfortable when it’s even warmer than that.Whenever it’s cold, raining, windy, or snowing, keep them indoors until the weather clears and warms up. Remember, cats who are cold or wet for too long are at risk of frostbite and hypothermia.Note: If you have an outdoor cat, they’ll look for shelter to stay as warm as possible, so give them a safe and dry outdoor enclosure that will protect them from the elements if you can’t bring them into your home, which would be preferable.Check Out These Products That Help Cats Stay WarmHere are a few products we recommend for keeping your cat warm: K&H Thermo-Kitty Bed Deluxe Hooded

Researchers Find Genetic Links Between Human and Canine Brain Tumors

In a groundbreaking study, researchers have discovered striking similarities between the most common type of brain tumor in dogs and humans - meningioma. These findings were published in the scientific journal Acta Neuropathologica. Until now, scientists struggled to find reliable experimental models to understand the biology of and develop effective treatments for these tumors. But thanks to these newly discovered similarities, doctors will be able to use a classification system that identifies these aggressive tumors in humans and pooches.“The discovery that naturally occurring canine tumors closely resemble their human counterparts opens numerous avenues of exploring the biology of these challenging tumors,” said Dr. Akash Patel, an associate professor of neurosurgery at Baylor College of Medicine and principal investigator at the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Duncan NRI) at Texas Children’s Hospital. “It also provides opportunities for developing and studying novel treatments applicable to both humans and dogs,” he added.During the study, researchers analyzed 62 dog meningiomas from 27 breeds and found that the tumors were remarkably similar to the same kinds of tumors in humans. To this date, this is the largest study of the gene expression profiles of the canine meningioma. Others, including Dr. Jonathan Levine, a VMBS professor and the head of the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (VSCS), and Dr. Tiemo Klisch, assistant professor at Baylor College of Medicine and Principal Investigator at Duncan NRI, were involved in the study along Dr. Patel. Meanwhile, assistant professor Dr. Beth Boudreau was a key collaborator. Previous work done by Levine, Boudreau, and others at VMBS, which found similarities between gliomas - the second most common type of brain tumors - in humans and dogs, was instrumental for Patel’s study. “We ended up agreeing to provide Patel with canine tumor samples we had worked years and years to achieve, to see if he could isolate the RNA, which is not always easy to do,” said Levine, in a statement. “He was able to produce this very robust data set that showed a similar pattern structure to human tumors. Our team also provided Dr. Patel with key clinical outcome data, including responses to certain treatments.”Now that the researchers have found a link between brain tumors in humans and dogs they hope to establish clinical trials to continue their research. Setting up this type of clinical trial can take several years of planning and requires funding.“We are really interested in creating wins for both human and animal medicine,” said Levine. “For example, we hope to give dog owners access to therapy that’s not available anywhere else in the world through clinical trials. At the same time, that information will also inform the next step of human trials.”As it happens, another group of researchers from the University of California, Davis, conducted a similar study with matching results about meningioma in humans and dogs. This study was also published in the scientific journal Acta Neuropathologica.Now, the two research groups plan to collaborate in the future and share their findings to develop treatment options for both human and canine brain tumors. “If we do one trial, we’d be able to enroll patients a lot more quickly, which would make it easier to get larger data sets resulting in stronger findings. So we have a lot of interest in doing a collaborative trial,” added Levine. “We really see the team out in California as potential partners.” Thanks to this groundbreaking research, scientists now have a better understanding of brain tumors and are one step closer to developing life-saving treatments for both humans and dogs. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Blue Ridge Beef Recalls Kitten and Puppy Food Due to Bacteria

Blue Ridge Beef, one of the foremost pet food companies in North Carolina, decided to recall their 2-pound kitten and puppy food because of a serious potential threat of listeria and salmonella in their kibble. The pet food in question was distributed to locations in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.Unfortunately, North Carolina Department of Agriculture discovered a serious issue when analyzing their product, realizing that one lot of each of the food products was positive for salmonella and listeria, on December 15th. This included kitten food lots “N24 1114-N24 1224”, of 2-lb logs of “Kitten Grind” (UPC 8 54298 00101 6), and “Kitten Mix” (UPC UPC 8 54298 00143 6). Also included was the “Puppy Mix” (UPC 8 54298 00169 6).The action was swift to pull these products from the shelves, as both listeria and salmonella can be very dangerous to pets who consume the contaminated food. It can also be harmful to humans who touch the food as well, especially pregnant women and children. Pets who get infected can suffer from vomiting, fever, bloody diarrhea, lethargy, and loss of appetite, so if you notice any of these symptoms and your pet has been eating the food that is now recalled, make sure to take them to a vet for treatment ASAP.Luckily, the Blue Ridge Beef company announced that so far it has not received any reports of illnesses that are connected to this recall of food. Likewise, the company is not facing any legal action because of the recall. Pet owners who purchased this food are encouraged to contact Blue Ridge Beef company at  blueridgebeefnc@yahoo.com for a full refund. Consumers can also get in touch with Steven Lea, from 8 am. to 5:30 pm. ET Monday-Friday at (704) 880-4500. 

Is Your Cat Itchy? Causes and Treatments for Itching in Cats

Itching, or pruritis, in cats has various causes, so it’s a symptom of multiple problems. Sure, a cat will have an itch they need to scratch every now and then, just like people do. But if you see your cat scratching more than usual, or they’re scratching, licking, or biting themselves so much that they’re losing fur and causing cuts and scabs on their skin, there may be an underlying issue that should be addressed.Whether your cat is scratching at one area or they’re itchy all over, don’t ignore this problem. Read on to learn about some of the causes of itchiness in cats, along with some of the things you can do to provide relief. Remember, it’s always best to consult a veterinarian about your cat’s symptoms so you can give your pet the right treatment.Reasons Why Your Cat Is ItchyHere are some of the conditions that can cause a cat to feel itchy:AllergiesA lot of things can cause an allergic reaction in cats that leads to itchy skin. For example, if your cat is allergic to an ingredient in their food, such as a particular protein, their allergy might manifest as itchiness. As another example, your cat might be allergic to something in the environment, such as dust in the house or pollen that blows in through a window. And some cats have contact allergies to products, from litter to plastic or fabric, that can cause a reaction. The goal is to find the allergen and remove it from your cat’s environment as best as possible. In the case of a food allergy, using food trials with the guidance of your vet can help you figure out what’s causing the reaction so you can start giving your cat food that’s appropriate for them. ParasitesBites from insects and parasites can cause your cat to feel itchy. Fleas and mites are a couple examples. And, yes, indoor cats can get fleas, as they could be brought in from outside and find their way to your feline.When it comes to mites, such as ear mites or mange, your veterinarian can prescribe treatments after performing some tests for an accurate diagnosis.For flea allergy dermatitis caused by flea bites, it’s a matter of eliminating the flea infestation and preventing future infestations. You can use over-the-counter products, such as Frontline Plus for Cats, which is a topical treatment you apply between your cat’s shoulders (where they won’t be able to lick it off). It kills flea eggs, flea larvae, and adult fleas, as well as ticks and chewing lice, and each dose works for a month. But you also need to thoroughly clean your home and your pet’s things to be sure you eliminate fleas in the environment.

How to Clean Dog Diarrhea From Carpet

Sure, sharing your life with a dog is fun and your days are filled with love, but sometimes, it can get messy. Like, real messy. After all, even though we love them, dogs are not the neatest of animals out there (that title would go to kitties, I’m afraid). In the daily life of a dog owner, there is bound to be a bit of dirt, hair, and - inevitably, poop – to clean up after your pet. And as if picking up poop from the street after your pet wasn’t bad enough, sometimes accidents happen inside your home, and the messes are that much harder to clean. Especially when you’re dealing with diarrhea and not your regular ole poop situation. But even though it’s far from pleasant to clean up after, it’s not the end of the world if an accident happens. While it can be difficult to thoroughly clean dog diarrhea embedded in the carpet fibers, everything can be cleaned if you are persistent enough – and know how to approach the issue. Here are some tips and tricks that can help you clean dog diarrhea from carpet – stains and smell both.How to Clean Dog Diarrhea from Carpet: Step by StepNow, keep in mind that cleaning dog diarrhea from a carpet can be a messy task, but it's important to clean it thoroughly and as quickly as possible to prevent lasting stains and lingering odors. Even if you are disgusted by the sight before you, it is necessary to keep at it until the job’s done. Someone has to do it, right? And we all know it ain’t gonna be your pooch.So, first things first, you’ll need to gather supplies. It is always good to have them handy and keep them stored in a secure cabinet. You never know when an accident can happen and they will be needed, so be sure to be stocked on  pet-safe cleaning supplies (if you’re not already, now is a perfect time to pick up all of your basic necessities). 

Should I Bathe My Dog During Winter?

Should your pet forego bubbly baths when the temperatures drop or should you bathe your pooch regularly all year long? There’s no universal answer to this question as situations can be wildly different from one pet or the other – how harsh is the climate you live in, would you bathe your pooch in a well-heated bathroom or not, how thick is their coat, and so on. All of these factors will influence the answer you’re given! To find out what’s the verdict for your own pooch when it comes to winter bathing, read on.Should I Bathe My Dog During Winter?The fact that it’s cold outside doesn’t have to mean your four-legged bestie has to smell funky for weeks on end – at least not in most cases. You can bathe your dog in the winter as long as you follow some ground rules that are meant to ensure your dog's well-being. Here’s what you need to know:#1 Don’t Do It Too OftenDogs don't need bathing as frequently as we do (duh), so if your dog isn't visibly dirty or smelly, you should be able to extend the time between baths to a couple of weeks. Overbathing can strip essential oils from your dog's skin, which can lead to dryness and irritation, so too much bathing isn’t good either. You can probably get through the winter with just one or two baths.#2 Keep The Water ToastyEnsure that the water you use for the bath is warm, not hot. Hot water can dry out your dog’s skin, so don’t be tempted to overly increase the water temperature just because the weather is cold outside. Of course, you should also make sure the bathing area is warm, and have towels ready to dry your dog quickly.#3 Fast Drying Is Key 

How Much Outdoor Time Does My Dog Need?

Spending time outside is very important for overall physical and mental health, both for humans and animals alike. Our pets, dogs especially, can be quite dependent on the time they spend outdoors. It helps stimulate them, keep them mobile and active, and also helps them spend all that extra energy they have stored which in turn impacts their behavior for the better. But as it is with everything in life, there is always too little and too much of a good thing. So in the end, it does make you wonder – just how much outdoor time does your dog need? And, can you really overdo it? Let’s find out!How Much Outdoor Time Does My Dog Need?The amount of outdoor time your dog needs can vary based on factors such as their breed, age, health, and individual preferences of your dog. It can’t really be the exact same for all dogs out there. Just like humans, some pooches have preferences of their own. Some love to snooze and relax, and aren’t really fans of going outside and zooming about. Others, however, can’t get enough of adventures in the great outdoors. Still, in general, all dogs require at least a small amount of daily outdoor exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy. With that in mind, these are some main factors that could influence the amount of time your pet needs to spend outside of the house:BreedDifferent breeds have different energy levels and exercise requirements. High-energy breeds like Border Collies or Labrador Retrievers may need more outdoor time compared to lower-energy breeds like Bulldogs or Basset Hounds. As you get to know your pet and the specifics of their breed, this too will become apparent. AgeAge plays a major role in dog energy levels. Puppies generally have more energy and may require several short play and exercise sessions throughout the day. Adult dogs on the other hand usually need at least 30 minutes to 2 hours of exercise per day, depending on the breed and individual needs, whereas seniors usually don’t have as much energy so one walk a day will do just fine for a pooch in his golden years.HealthDogs with certain health issues may have specific exercise restrictions. Consult with your veterinarian to determine an appropriate exercise plan for a dog with health concerns. Don’t overdo it with your dog, if the vet prohibits it. The same goes for seniors, who can’t really play all that much outside. SizeDog size is a big factor in determining energy levels and the need for outdoor fun. Smaller breeds may get sufficient exercise with a shorter walk or playtime, while larger breeds might need longer and more vigorous activities.Individual PreferencesSome dogs are more active and enjoy activities like fetching, running, or hiking, while others may be content with a shorter walk or playtime in the yard. On the other hand, some breeds, due to their inherent traits, might love relaxing outside, even when it's chilly. Others, though, will love the warmth and coziness found indoors. 

42% of Pet Parents Feel Caring for Pets is More Stressful Than Kids!

Pets can be an incredible addition to any family, but they can also come with a bit of stress. In fact, a recent study revealed that nearly half of pet parents shared that caring for their pet was more stressful than caring for their partner or even their children! What is it about our pets that worries us the most? That was the goal of the recent survey conducted by OnePoll and ElleVet Sciences. They polled 2000 pet owners, asking them questions about their relationships, their pets, and the stress that they experience in their role. The answers revealed that the top three sources of stress in most people’s lives include their finances (54%), their job or career (49%), and their ability to care for their pets (42%). The survey went on to discuss reasons for being stressed about our pets, and there was one concern that the majority of respondents shared – as pet parents, we worry about our ability to provide the care our pets will need in their senior years. As our pets get older, their needs often change. We can see this in the way they act and the activities they engage in. A once hyperactive, high-energy dog may start to slow down and sleep more. A dog that easily jumped onto the couch most of their lives now requires stairs or a ramp to get up for cuddle time. Not all changes that come with aging are inherently bad, but 68% of parents say watching their pet age and suffer would be more hurtful to them than losing their job (61%) or breaking up with their partner (61%). “Supporting your pet through all stages of life can minimize their stress, allowing you to create more happy memories together,” shared Amanda Howland, co-founder and CCO of ElleVet Sciences. “As your pet gets older, it’s important to be proactive in identifying the signs of aging, such as difficulty moving, trouble sleeping, and social isolation. It’s all about more time, and more quality time with your pet, and for them, aging and stress are intertwined so taking care of discomfort-related aging and cognitive decline can reduce their stress significantly.” The concern shared by the survey respondents (and other pet parents nationwide) clearly illustrates how important our pets are in our lives. While 73% of those surveyed described their pet as their “protector,” they serve many other vital roles in our lives – our best friends, sounding boards, cheerleaders, motivators, and companions. Your senior pet may require some changes around the home. Throw rugs can be used to provide traction on slippery floors. Safety gates are key for blocking off unsafe areas like staircases that could lead to injury. Caring for our senior pets may be stressful, but it’s also an opportunity to repay our pets for everything they have given us throughout their lives. Even just setting aside time in your schedule each day for a walk around the block followed by a short cuddle on the couch can positively impact their lives, reducing stress and promoting better health. “Just like us, pets’ needs can change as they age, so their daily routines, diet, and exercise may need to be adjusted to improve their quality of life, as well as adding high-quality supplements,” Howland explained. “Small adjustments can ensure your pet’s golden years are less stressful for both themselves and their human companion.”

The Unseen Threat: Dangers of Secondhand Smoke for Your Pet

Most people are well aware of the dangers of smoking. They understand what smoking does to their bodies and know the potential health risks of lighting up a cigarette. But did you know that exposure to secondhand smoke may have serious health consequences for your pets?It’s no secret that smoking is bad for people. In the United States, between 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths are linked to cigarette smoking. Secondhand smoking is also linked with an increased risk of other forms of cancer, such as breast and colorectal cancer, heart and respiratory disease.Studies have shown that more than 50% of bladder cancer cases in humans are caused by cigarette smoking. A recent study involving Scottish terriers found a link between cigarette smoke exposure and bladder cancer. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in dogs, and many pooches are diagnosed with some form of this terrible disease. Although many factors may predispose a pet to cancer, research shows that passive smoking is a main danger.Scientists from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Purdue University discovered that Scottish terriers who were exposed to secondhand smoke at home were six times more likely to develop bladder cancer than those who were not routinely exposed to smoke.Passive smoking is also linked with nasal cancer in dogs. This type of cancer is often diagnosed in long-nosed breeds such as collies, greyhounds, and borzois. The increased surface area in their nasal canals traps inhaled particles, allowing carcinogens from tobacco smoke to accumulate in the nasal mucus. As a result, long-nosed dogs are at a greater risk of developing tumors in their snouts. On the other hand, brachycephalic or short-nosed dog breeds, such as pugs and French bulldogs, are more likely to develop lung cancer. Their short noses aren’t as effective at trapping inhaled particles and allow more carcinogens to reach the lungs.Being exposed to smoke increases the risk that your dog will develop cancer, but that’s not all. Pooches that live with smokers are more likely to develop asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory problems.Dogs aren’t the only pets to suffer the consequences of inhaling secondhand smoke on a daily basis. Cats, birds, and small critters like guinea pigs and rabbits are also at risk.Cats that live with smokers are more likely to develop asthma and lung cancer. Felines that inhale secondhand smoke regularly also have a higher incidence of malignant lymphoma.  Studies have found higher nicotine concentrations in the hair of cats living with smokers than those living in smoke-free homes. The same is true for dogs living with smokers, no matter whether their owners smoked inside or outside. Cats are famous for being fastidious groomers, but licking the fur puts them at risk of ingesting even more toxic particles from secondhand smoke than simply inhaling them. Felines that groom excessively can develop oral tumors from licking toxic particles off their fur.Secondhand smoke alone isn't responsible for all health problems seen in cats and dogs. Diet, genetics, lifestyle, and exposure to other potentially toxic substances in the environment combined affect the pet’s overall health.Owners concerned with the well-being of their four-legged companions should be more aware of the air quality in their homes and make necessary lifestyle changes.Choosing to smoke outside can minimize some risks associated with exposure to secondhand smoke. Improving ventilation, opening the windows, and using air filters can help too. However, it’s important to note that even a low exposure to secondhand smoke can be harmful to your four-legged companion.Quitting smoking is hard, but knowing how secondhand smoke affects your pet’s health may motivate you to put down that cigarette once and for all!Join the PetGuiJoin the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

New Bill Will Eliminate Housing Barriers for Pet Owners In California

California tenants with pets rejoice - a new bill that stops landlords from denying housing to pet owners is in the works!The chair of the California Legislative Renters Caucus, Matt Haney, has introduced legislation that would compel landlords to accept tenants with pets. The bill, AB 2216, will insist that landlords have reasonable reason(s) for not allowing a pet in the rental unit. The biggest change, however, is that the bill prevents property owners from asking about pet ownership before the tenant’s application has been approved.The new bill, which is sponsored by the Humane Society of the United States, aims to solve a big problem in the rental world - a surplus of tenants with pets and a lack of landlords willing to rent to them.California has one of the highest number of tenants in the country, and close to 70% of them are pet owners. Alas, under current law, only around 30% of all rentals are pet-friendly. The lack of pet-friendly housing is causing almost a million tenants to keep pets in their rentals hidden from their landlords. This solves nothing. On one hand, landlords are left without adequate coverage for potential damages. On the other hand, pet owners are left living in constant fear of being kicked out of their homes. Andrea Amavisca, a senior legislative advocate at the California Immigration Policy Center, told the LA Times that she and her partner spent over a month looking for a two-bedroom rental in Sacramento that would allow for a small cattle dog mix.“Landlords that initially liked our application would suddenly stop answering our calls once they found out we had a dog. Or others would require a pet deposit close to $1,000 that would put the unit totally out of our budget.”Amavisca added it felt unfair that almost every landlord had a different pet policy with varying fees they could change as they pleased. Some landlords charged only $20 a month while others asked for four-figure cleaning deposits. The new bill doesn’t address fees and doesn’t prevent landlords from excluding certain types of pets. Haney’s legislation defines a common household pet as a domesticated animal, such as a cat or dog, that is kept in the home for pleasure rather than commercial uses. While pet owners are relieved to hear about the legislation, property owners are already expressing their concerns. The biggest issue is that landlords will be forced to take on pets, and the increased risk of potential property damage that comes with pets, without a pet deposit as a safeguard. Haney explained that exceptions would be made for landlords with reasonable excuses for not allowing pets on their property. “What we see too often is just these blanket prohibitions of pets with no good reason for it, with no required justification for it and no protection of pet owners, who represent the majority of California’s renters, to be able to access housing just like anyone else,” said Haney.According to Jenny Berg, California director for the Humane Society of the United States, extra fees and bans add to the overcrowding crisis in animal shelters nationwide. “One of the reasons why people relinquish their pets is because they can’t find affordable housing or housing at all that can accommodate their pets,” she said. Haney’s bill could make a massive change, as it would remove the barriers tenants face when looking for housing for them and their four-legged companions.“We want a renter to be considered first and decision made about whether they meet the requirements for the apartment,” said Haney. “And then, after that fact, they disclose that they have a pet. And only if there’s a reasonable rationale to deny them, that would be allowed.” Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

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