Everything You Need to Know About Dog DNA Testing

by Mary Simpson

Published: July 2nd, 2021

everything you need to know about dog dna testing

Wondering what breeds went into making your pooch? Here’s what you need to know about DNA testing for dogs.

When you hear the words DNA and ancestry, don’t we all immediately think about long lost relatives in far off locations that we never once considered to be part of our heritage? And beyond learning about where you come from (even if it is just a fractions of a percentage point), you suddenly start picking up scores of information related to your genetic health. Stuff that goes back generations but makes you start connecting some of those dots to your own health. Useful info, right?

Well, it’s also useful information to have for your dog because in this day and age of adopt-versus-shop, a lot of us are bringing home what is often referred to as a “Heinz 57” – in other words, a dog that is a mixed bag of breeds. While heritage is the last thing we’re thinking about when we walk our newly adopted family member into our home, it can actually be beneficial to his future health and quality of life, for you to know a little more about him.

For example, does he come from a breed (or breeds) that is predisposed to digestive issues, to cataracts, or to certain cancers? What about being prone to the 3 common aging maladies: glaucoma, degenerative myelopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. While you may be thinking you’d rather not know what ailments may beset your good buddy down the road, remember that knowledge is power. Just think about it – if you could predict the future, wouldn’t you wan to take the steps necessary to help prevent or delay the onset of these debilitating illnesses? The first step, is being aware and having the benefit of time to watch for symptoms.

And while you may be hesitating because you don’t really want to incur more vet fees or stress your little guy out with a trip to his least favorite place in order to do bloodwork, it really doesn’t work that way. In fact, you can pick up a doggie DNA kit on sites such as Amazon – so, no costly vet visit and no needles.

To help you shortlist, here are 2 of the more popular brands:

Embark’s Breed + Health DNA test which was developed in partnership with Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine and scores top points with those who rated it on Amazon.com.
Wisdom Panel’s DNA Test for Ancestry, Traits, and Medical Complications includes an MDR1 test to flag if your pooch will be sensitive to certain medications. Less expensive than Embark, its great for multi-dog households that want to test more than one pooch.

Regardless of which brand you choose, they all work pretty much the same. You simply swab the inside of his cheek, activate your kit on-line, and send in the swab (most kits offer pre-paid shipping). Within 2 to 3 weeks, you’ll know all there is to know about your pooch’s genetic make-up. And if you’re a little skeptical, be assured that these brands have a pretty good track record when it comes to accuracy. In fact, these testing kits are considered to be not only highly accurate, but have the ability to pick up on DNA from somewhere in the range of 350 different dog breeds, identify close to 200 different genetic diseases, and provide you with data that goes all the way back to your pooch’s great-grandparents. They can even flag other dog breeds that have similar traits to your pup, so you’ll now know why your terrier-mix bays rather than barks (beagle blood), or your Lab-mix likes to he

Mary Simpson

Sharing space with three seriously judgy Schnoodles and a feline who prefers to be left alone. #LivingMyBestLife

More by Mary Simpson

What Are Dogs Allergic To In The Spring?

View Article

What You Need To Know About Dog Seizures

As one of the most frequently reported neurological conditions in dogs, pet parents need to know the causes, symptoms and treatments of canine seizures. Nothing is worse for a pet parent than watching your dog go through a seizure without being able to stop it. Seizures can happen unexpectedly and for a variety of reasons, so how do you prepare for them? All pet parents should know the basics about dog seizures including their causes, what a seizure looks like, and what to do if your dog has one. Causes of Seizures in Dogs A one-time seizure might be caused by a variety of things, but recurring seizures are typically indicative of an medical problem. A seizure is most likely to occur when your dog’s level of brain activity changes – that is why seizures are most commonly seen when a dog gets excited or around the time that he falls asleep or wakes from sleeping. In between seizures, the dog may act completely normal. Related: Magnolia Paws For Compassion Raises Awareness For Seizure Detection Dogs Epilepsy is a seizure disorder characterized by repeated episodes of seizures. These seizures may occur singly or in succession and they might occur at regular intervals or they can be entirely unpredictable. Idiopathic epilepsy is an inherited condition in dogs, the cause of which is unknown. Other medical conditions which might induce seizures include kidney failure, liver disease, brain trauma or tumors, and poisoning. What Does a Seizure Look Like? Seizures can vary in duration and severity but every seizure consists of three parts: the pre-ictal phase, the ictal phase, and the post-ictal phase. During the pre-ictal phase your dog may exhibit signs of altered behavior – he might be nervous, shaking, restless, or drooling. This phase can last for as little as a few seconds or as long as a few hours. The ictal phase is the phase during which the seizure actually occurs and it may last anywhere between a few seconds and five minutes. Your dog will typically lose consciousness during a seizure but it is possible to have “absence” seizures characterized by a change in mental awareness (hallucinations). A grand mal seizure is characterized by a complete loss of consciousness during which all of the muscles of the body contract erratically. During a grand mal seizure your dog may fall over and peddle his legs – drooling, urination, and defecation may also occur. After the ictal phase, your dog will go into the post-ictal phase during which he will appear confused and disoriented; this phase varies in duration. Related: Study Finds High-Pitched Noises Set Off Seizures In Cats What to do if Your Dog Has a Seizure If your dog had a seizure before, you may recognize the pre-ictal signs leading up to an actual seizure. You can’t do anything to stop the seizure once it starts, but there are a few things you can do to help protect your dog from harming himself. Stay away from the dog’s mouth to avoid being bitten but, if it is safe to do so, move your dog away from furniture and surrounding objects. Do not put anything in your dog’s mouth – he will not bite his tongue. After the seizure, monitor your dog closely and reassure him with your voice and by petting him gently; if you remain calm it will help your dog to feel calm. If you can, record the duration of the seizure to report to your vet. Any seizure lasting longer than five minutes is considered extremely dangerous and you should seek emergency veterinary care for your dog for anticonvulsants to stop the seizure. Seizures, no matter what the cause, can vary greatly in severity, so talk to your veterinarian about whether your dog needs to be put on a treatment plan. In cases of canine epilepsy, anticonvulsant medications may help to prevent seizures. Once the medication is started, however, it must be given for life so make sure you are prepared to follow through with the treatment plan if your veterinarian recommends it.

5 Things You Need to Know About Dog Growls

We all back off when we see a dog growling. But there are a few reasons why a dog may be growling at you – here’s what you need to know about this behavior. As much as you may wish he could, your dog can’t just open his mouth and tell you how he’s feeling. The majority of communication between dogs is done nonverbally but there are times when your dog makes his voice heard. Keep reading to learn everything you need to know about dog growls – what causes them, what they mean, and whether they are cause for concern. Dogs Growl for a Reason If your dog growls at another dog, your first instinct might be to yank on the leash or to tell him to stop it. Before you do, however, think for a moment about what would happen if your dog stopped growling. Growling is a warning signal for dogs – a way for your dog to tell you or another dog that he is feeling unhappy or uncomfortable. If you take away that early warning system, your dog could react in a more volatile way – a way that puts you or another dog in danger. Related: Top 10 Yappy Dog Breeds A Growl Doesn’t Always Mean a Dog is Angry When your dog growls, it doesn’t necessarily mean he is angry – it’s just another means of communication. When a dog growls, he is saying that something is wrong. Maybe your dog is unhappy or maybe he’s uncomfortable, scared even. It may be an expression of territorial aggression or it might even be a response to pain. Growling is a Natural Behavior Many people who have been bit by a dog claim that the dog didn’t give any warning or that he attacked without reason. The truth is, however, that dogs always give warning, even if it’s something as simple as a low growl. If a dog’s growling is accompanied by aggressive body language, watch out. Related: How To Stop A Dog From Barking There are Different Types of Growl Dogs always growl for a reason but that reason may vary. Aside from threat growling – a verbal response to fear or aggression – dogs also growl during play or as a request for attention. Dogs may also growl when they are feeling frustrated. The key to understanding why your dog is growling is to take a look at the body language that accompanies it. If your dog is not shying away, flattening his ears, or tensing his body, the growl isn’t intended as a threat. Don’t Punish Your Dog for Growling Your dog growls for many different reasons, so it doesn’t make sense for your response to be the same in each instance. While your first instinct might be to punish your dog for growling, all you will be doing is curbing your dog’s behavior – you won’t actually be addressing the cause for the behavior. Plus, if you punish your dog for growling often enough he may stop doing it entirely and you won’t have any warning if he actually becomes upset and is about to act out. The better response to a dog growl is to examine the situation to determine whether the growl is meant as a threat and, if so, what is the cause. Dogs exhibit a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal cues that may seem complex but, if you take just a moment to think about them, they are actually fairly easy to interpret. The most important thing to remember about dog behavior is that your dog does everything for a reason. Rather than punishing your dog for a behavior you deem undesirable, take the time to examine and understand the behavior and then come to a resolution.

What You Need To Know About Dog Insurance Policies

Before you gamble on your pooch’s health care, here’s what you need to know about dog insurance polices When it comes to owning a dog, there many things you need to think about including providing your pet with proper care. Taking your dog to the vet for a simple check-up can cost $100 or more and the cost of emergency treatments can be nearly unmanageable. If you are worried about being able to cover the costs of your dog’s medical care, you might be thinking about purchasing a pet insurance policy. Pet insurance can be a good option, but only if you understand it and know how to use it properly. We’ve put together some valuable information about dog insurance policies so you can be fully informed before you decide whether to buy one. Related: Types Of Dog Insurance Policies Why Should I Buy Dog Insurance? The truth of the matter is that health care (for both people and pets) is not getting any cheaper. The owner of a completely healthy dog may still spend hundreds of dollars per year on veterinary services for check-ups, tests and vaccinations. If your dog becomes ill or suffers from an accident, those costs can skyrocket into the thousands. Pet insurance policies, like health insurance policies for humans, are designed to help offset those unexpected costs. In most cases, pet insurance policies work by reimbursing the pet owner for a portion of covered services. If your dog needs surgery or cancer treatment, this can go a long way in helping you to manage your expenses. Related: Why Pet Insurance Is Worth It Useful Terms to Know In order to understand pet insurance policies, there are a few terms you need to know: Coinsurance: a portion of the cost of covered services you are expected to payDeductible: a fixed amount you must pay for any covered service before the plan provides reimbursementPre-Existing Condition: an illness or recurrence of an illness which first occurred prior to the inception of the policy (services related to this condition are generally not covered)Premium: the monthly fee you pay to be covered by the plan Here’s an example of how a pet insurance policy might work: Let’s say that your dog, Roxie, is covered by ABC Pet Insurance for accidents and illness. You may a monthly premium of $35 simply to be covered by Roxie’s insurance policy. After getting into an accident, Roxie requires $2,500 worth of veterinary services. As long as you are up to date on your premiums, the plan will provide reimbursement up to 100 percent of costs after the deductible. Assuming that your plan offers full reimbursement, you will only be responsible for the cost of the deductible on top of your monthly premiums. The Bottom Line The bottom line is that pet insurance is not always worth the money you spend on it. For example, you may pay hundreds of dollars a year to have your dog covered for accidents and illnesses but might never end up using the plan’s benefits. It is also a common occurrence that, should you use your policy, the plan will not cover 100 percent of the services – factoring in the cost of premiums, deductibles and less than 100 percent reimbursement rates, you may end up spending as much as you would if you didn’t have the insurance policy at all. In other cases, however, pet insurance plans may be the difference between you being able to cover the cost of emergency services and you having to euthanize your pet after an accident. Whether you buy an insurance policy for your pet or not is completely up to you. If you are willing to pay a little extra each month for the peace of mind in knowing that you are covered, by all means get started in researching your options. If you simply want to be protected in the case of an emergency, you might want to consider a plan that offers catastrophic coverage (costs over $1,000) and choose the highest deductible you can to keep your monthly premiums as low as possible.

Everything You Need to Know About Ear Mites in Dogs

Just as nasty as ticks and fleas, ear mites can cause just as many problems for your dog. Know what to watch for and how to get rid of ear mites in dogs. When you think about all the various pests your dog may be exposed to you probably think of things like fleas and ticks. While these certainly are the most common culprits, there is another one you shouldn’t forget – ear mites. Ear mites can cause just as much trouble for your dog as fleas and ticks but they are a little harder to detect which makes them even more dangerous. Related: Ear Mites In Cats Lead To Serious Scratching What are the Signs of Ear Mites? If you were to examine an ear mite up close you would notice that they look like tiny little spiders because they have eight legs. There are many different types of mites, but the two species that most commonly cause ear infections include Notoedres and Otodectes. Notoedres tend to infect cats while Otodectes affect both dogs and cats as well as ferrets and foxes. There is also another type of mite that causes a skin infection, often around the ears, called demodex. Any dog can develop an ear mite infection, but young dogs and dogs in animal shelters are the most at risk – older dogs tend to be a little more resistant to ear mites. Related: 6 Ways To Properly Clean Dog Ears In most cases, ear mites cause mild infections but if the dog develops an immune hypersensitivity reaction, it can result in some serious symptoms. The most common symptoms associated with ear mites in dogs include the following: Extreme itching, especially around the ears, head, and neckGeneralized itching and scratchingShaking or tilting of the headThick black or reddish-brown crusts in the outer earCoffee ground-like bumps inside the dog’s ear canalScratches or abrasions on the backside of the earsScaling or crusting on the neck and rump If you notice your dog displaying any of the symptoms listed above you should take him to the vet for an examination. In order to diagnose an ear mite infection, your vet will need a description of your dog’s symptoms and he will likely run some lab tests just to rule out potential medical causes for the symptoms. How Do I Clean My Dog’s Ears? An ear mite infection is contagious so if you have more than one dog in your household – even if only one is currently displaying symptoms – you may want to treat all of them. Medication is generally the most effective treatment for ear mite infections and may include topical applications like Ivermectin, selamectin, or fipronil. You may need to administer these treatments over a course of two to four weeks until all of the mites are killed and, in the meantime, clean your dog’s ears with a general ear cleaning solution. To use these solutions simply squeeze a few drops into your dog’s ear canal then massage the base of his ears to distribute it. Then, just clean away any debris and excess fluid from your dog’s ears using a clean cotton ball and let them dry. Ear mite infections in dogs are not particularly dangerous or life-threatening but if left untreated it can lead to a secondary infection, not to mention a great deal of itching and discomfort. At the first sign of ear mites in your dog, take him to the vet just to be safe.

What You Need To Know About Dog Feeding Guidelines

How much food should I be giving my dog? Here’s what you need to know about dog feeding guidelines before you ring the dinner bell. While it might seem like you can trust the feeding guidelines on the back of your dog’s food packaging, this isn’t necessarily the case. The recommended feeding amount can vary wildly from one brand of dog food to the next, so it’s hard to know who to trust. Besides, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to feeding canines: the amount of food your pooch needs will depend on factors such as his age, weight and activity level. Related: How is Commercial Dog Food Regulated? So, How Much Should You Be Feeding Your Dog? In order to determine how much you should be feeding your dog, you need to know his current weigh and the ideal weight for his breed or type. Smaller dogs need more calories per pound than larger dogs, so as a general rule of thumb, small to medium dogs should be fed 1 ½ cups of food per 20 pounds of body weight and large to extra-large dogs should be fed around 1 cup of food per 20 to 25 pounds of body weight. Of course, the exact amount will vary depending on your dog and the nutritional content of the food. If your dog is over his ideal weight, he should be fed slightly less than this amount, whereas if he’s under his ideal weight, he should be fed slightly more. The same goes for exercise; if he’s very active, feed him a bit more, but if he’s fairly inactive, he’ll require less food. If you feel unsure about how much you should be feeding your canine companion, it’s a good idea to consult your vet. Related: Do I Have A Fat Dog? How To Tell If Your Dog Is Overweight Monitoring Your Dog’s Progress The only real way to know if you’re feeding your dog the right amount is to keep an eye on his weight. Try to weigh him each month for a few months, so you can see if he’s staying on track. If he’s maintaining his weight (or losing/gaining weight, if that’s what you’re aiming for), you know you’re feeding him the right amount and you can keep up the good work. If his weight is heading in the wrong direction, you can easily adjust the amount you’re feeding him. To keep things as accurate as possible, make sure you always measure out your dog’s dinner. What Should You Be Feeding Your Dog? Not only should you be feeding your dog the right amount of food, you should make sure you’re offering him a high quality food. There aren’t many strict regulations as to what can and can’t be put in dog food (only that the ingredients have to be “generally recognized as safe”) so some brands are far better than others. Low quality foods often contain too many fillers and additives, plus too much salt and sugar, meaning they can be detrimental to your dog’s health. What’s more, since they have an inferior nutritional profile, you may need to feed your dog more of the product, making it more costly than a better quality food in the long run.

Should My Dog Wear a Winter Coat?

As the temperatures drop and winter approaches, many pet parents face a common question: Should my dog wear a winter coat? It’s a valid question! After all, we bundle up before heading out into the ice and snow. Why shouldn’t our dogs? This article will explore the considerations, benefits, and potential downsides of winter coats for dogs. Plus, we’ll share the coats we use to keep our pups warm and cozy. Let’s get started… Do All Dogs Need a Coat in Winter? The short answer is no. Not all dogs need a winter coat to stay comfortable in the colder temperatures. In fact, some dogs will be more comfortable without a winter coat. That leaves us with one more question – how do you know if your dog will need a coat this season? Here are a few factors to consider: Breed & Coat LengthWhat breed or breed mix is your dog? Some dogs, like the Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, and Keeshond, were specifically bred to handle the colder temperatures. These dogs have thick double coats, including a water-resistant guard coat and a plush, warm undercoat. If you own one of these dogs, you may see them relaxing outside, happily napping in a snowbank. They thrive in cooler weather but struggle when the temperatures climb. On the other end of the spectrum, some dogs were bred to live in warmer climates. These dogs have short coats, offering little protection from the winter cold. Age Your dog’s age could make them more sensitive to changes in temperature, both heat and cold. If you have a young puppy or a senior dog, they may need a little extra care and attention. Not only do they feel cold faster, but the low temperatures could worsen the discomfort of a senior dog’s arthritis or other joint problems. Even if your dog once thrived in cold temperatures, they may struggle in their older years.Disease or Illness If your dog is currently living with a disease or illness, it can compromise their ability to regulate their body temperature effectively. Your dog’s condition can impact many aspects of their well-being. It may weaken their immune system, causing dehydration or interfering with proper circulation. Contact your veterinarian if you’re unsure whether your dog’s illness could impact their ability to handle the cold. Activity LevelAre you heading outside to hang out in your yard, or are you planning to engage in something more active like a hike or skijoring? As your dog’s muscles are engaged and working, they are producing heat that raises the body temperature. If your dog occasionally needs a light jacket, they may not need one during heavy activity. On the other hand, if your dog is usually okay when you’re going for a walk, they may need a light jacket or sweater if they are going to be standing around.

How Cold is Too Cold for My Dog to Be Outside?

You might enjoy the magic of wintertime, but that doesn’t mean that your pooch shares your enthusiasm for cold weather – or the situation might be the exact opposite, with your four-legged bestie enjoying snowfall and you dreading the icy temperatures. Either way, you might be wondering if your pet needs some extra protection or different routines during winter – after all, some dogs are less suited for cold than others. So, it begs the question how cold is too cold for your dog, and should you even try going outside in these cases? There are several precautions you can take, but sometimes, you should be wary of extreme temperatures. Let’s delve deeper and learn more. How Cold is Too Cold for My Dog to Be Outside?The tolerance to cold weather can vary among individual dogs based on factors such as breed, size, coat type, age, and overall health. Generally, most dogs can tolerate cold weather to some extent, but there are certain conditions and temperatures where it becomes unsafe for them to be outside for extended periods. Of course, there will be some telltale signs that it’s just too cold to be outside. Signs that your dog may be too cold include shivering, whining, seeking shelter, lifting paws off the ground, or exhibiting signs of discomfort. If you notice any of these signs, it's time to bring your dog inside for some much-needed warmth.Of course, it’s essential to use your judgment and consider your dog's individual needs – you should always prioritize your dog's well-being in extreme weather conditions, but that will differ from dog to dog and climate to climate. Even so, there are some general guidelines for determining if it’s too cold outside for your pet – here’s what you need to know before taking them outside in really cold weather.Consider their coat length and breed: In winter, your pet’s coat can be a determining factor for outside time. Dogs with thick or double coats, such as  Siberian Huskies or  Alaskan Malamutes, may be more tolerant of cold temperatures than those with short coats, like Chihuahuas or Greyhounds. Some dogs were specially bred for living and working in cold environments, while some breeds were developed for completely opposite conditions. If your pet belongs to the latter group, it might be useful to invest in  a warm coat  designed to keep your dog toasty and warm during cold weather.

When is the Best Time to Start Puppy Training?

Training your pet is a very important task as it will shape them into a friendly, obedient dog that’s a pleasure to be around. While it does require a lot of patience and effort, training your dog on time makes your life as an owner much easier and prevents a myriad of behavior issues and other problems down the road. Of course, it goes without saying that you should start training early, while your doggo is still a puppy. That is the time when they gladly soak up all the information and eagerly learn. But when exactly is the best time to start puppy training? You can’t do it while they are still teeny-tiny, nor should you wait too long. What is the ideal middle ground? Let’s find out.When is the Best Time to Start Puppy Training?Puppies are like sponges, soaking up information from their environment and their owner, so early training can set a solid foundation for good behavior and establish obedience throughout their lives. Ideally, you can start basic training such as housebreaking, socialization, and simple commands like "sit" and "stay" when your puppy is around 8 weeks old. This is the general “golden rule” that many owners stick by. When they reach that 2-month mark, it’s considered the ideal time for them to quickly grasp the commands you teach them. If you think that this could be “too early” to start training, you are wrong. There are numerous benefits to early training, and all of them are critical for your dog’s well-being and normal behavior. Here are just a few of them:SocializationEarly socialization is so important for puppies. It allows them to learn how to properly interact with other dogs and humans and prevents aggression and behavioral problems later in life. During this period you should expose your pet to new environments, sounds, and sights.BondingTraining sessions are a great way to strengthen the bond between you and your puppy. Spending time together, teaching them new things, and rewarding good behavior builds trust and a positive relationship.Preventing Behavioral IssuesIf you spot behavior issues while your dog is still a puppy, it is easier to prevent them from becoming nasty habits. As you teach your pet proper behavior and as you set up boundaries, you will prevent many nasty issues from forming, such as excess chewing, barking, or disobedience. If you already notice chewing issues that stem from teething, make sure to redirect their attention to an appropriate chew toy and use  puppy no-chew deterrent sprays to help you shift their focus.

Animal Shelter Has Clever Way to Fundraise for Valentine’s Day

Valentine’s Day is for celebrating love, but for some, it can be a reminder of failed relationships. If you’re still feeling bitter towards an ex, you can now take that resentment and transform it into something positive, thanks to a clever fundraiser being run by an animal shelter in New Jersey.“Neuter Your Ex” and Help Stray Cats This Valentine’s Day Homeward Bound Pet Adoption Center in Blackwood, NJ has come up with a funny way to raise much-needed funds for stray cats this Valentine’s Day. The campaign is called Neuter Your Ex for Valentine’s Day, and its slogan is “Because some things shouldn’t breed.”It’s simple: when you donate $50 to Homeward Bound, they’ll name a feral cat after your ex and then neuter or spay the kitty before releasing them back to their outdoor colony. If you’re familiar with trap-neuter-return, also known as TNR, then you already know how this works—cats who aren’t adoptable are allowed to live out their lives outdoors, but because they’ve been neutered or spayed, they can’t reproduce and, therefore, won’t contribute to the overpopulation problem.A Big Success So FarThis campaign is already a hit. Multiple news outlets have reported on it, so word has spread far and wide. The shelter states that they’ve received a lot of names (they’ve gotten so many that it will take months to use all of them). And donations have come from around the United States and other countries, such as the United Kingdom and Australia. Want to Help? Here’s HowIf you want to make a donation towards this worthy cause, you can fill out the form here, provide your ex’s first name or a nickname, and make a one-time or monthly payment to support the shelter’s TNR efforts. If you have questions, you can reach out to Homeward Bound Pet Adoption Center. Their recent Instagram post provides answers to some frequently asked questions about the campaign, so you can check that out as well.  Keep an eye on Homeward Bound’s Instagram to see photos of the cats that end up benefiting from this Valentine’s Day fundraiser.Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

UK Wildlife Park Rehabilitates Potty-Mouthed Parrots

The struggle is real! Profanity-laced parrots may turn park's aviary into an adult-only zone.

What Is Dog Folliculitis and How to Treat It?

Folliculitis in dogs is a disease which causes infection or inflammation of hair follicles. It is one of the more common skin diseases amongst dogs and is caused by bacteria, fungal infections, skin irritations, or  parasites. What is more, it can affect dogs of all ages, sizes, and breeds, so if it happens to your four-legged friend unexpectedly, it is best to know how to treat this pesky skin issue.What Is Dog Folliculitis?The symptoms and causes of dog folliculitis can vary. In most cases, the healthy follicle is “compromised”, which leads to the accumulation of bacteria that are otherwise normally found on your pet’s skin. The end result is great discomfort for your dog, and it should be treated as quickly as possible. But how will you know that it is dog folliculitis and not some other health issue? Well, one of the foremost symptoms to look out for is red and inflamed skin. This condition causes excessive redness and even swelling in certain areas of the skin. This should be a telltale sign that something is amiss. Together with this, you could notice pimples, also known as pustules. They are small raised bumps and often contain pus. Of course, your dog will show signs of discomfort as well. They will try to itch and  lick the affected areas, in hopes of relieving the discomfort and making themselves more comfortable. This can all be accompanied by hair loss, mostly in the directly affected areas of your dog’s coat and skin. Ultimately, in the most severe cases, open sores, scabs, and skin lesions may appear. At this point, veterinary care is needed immediately.If you suspect your dog has folliculitis, it's crucial to consult with a veterinarian as soon as possible. They can perform diagnostic tests, such as skin scrapings or cultures, to identify the specific cause and recommend an appropriate treatment plan. It is crucial that you do not attempt any solution on your own. Self-diagnosis and do-it-yourself treatment can lead to complications or ineffective outcomes, so professional guidance is essential. Based on the evaluation, your vet can introduce a number of treatments and solutions – here’s what to expect.How Is Dog Folliculitis Treated?Topical antibiotics and antifungal creams are the most common treatment options. They are applied directly to the affected areas and are most efficient in early and moderate cases of dog folliculitis. Of course, if the case with your dog is more serious, your vet could propose an oral treatment. This consists of special medications that work to eliminate the infection at the core. Another possible solution is using special medicated shampoos that work to heal the follicles through gentle washing. 

Can I Muzzle My Dog to Stop Barking?

Final Thoughts - Can I Muzzle My Dog to Stop Barking?Excessive barking can be frustrating and, if left unaddressed, can put you, as the owner, in a difficult situation. In some places, this can lead to fines or even eviction due to noise complaints. Unfortunately, the process of training a dog to stop barking isn’t one that is usually solved overnight – but it can be done! While you might have seen it recommended to use an “anti-bark” muzzle to stop your dog’s barking, it is not recommended for anything more than a 10 to 15-minute quick fix. Not only does it not teach your dog not to bark in the future, but the muzzle's design could create a dangerous situation. Instead, start by identifying the cause. Is your dog overly excited? Is there a trigger that makes them feel fearful and stressed? Are they trying to protect you when someone walks onto your property? Knowing the trigger will help you not only stop it but also manage your dog’s barking in the short term. If you feel overwhelmed, don’t hesitate to contact a professional trainer or certified behaviorist to offer guidance and direction. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

A New Survey Shows Both Pets and Owners Feel Separation Anxiety

When you really love spending time with your pet, and vice versa, it is only natural that you feel sad when you are apart. For pets, this is often manifested as the dreaded  separation anxiety, which can cause a lot of issues both for them and their owners alike. While you know you are coming back from work – unlike your pooch – so you won’t feel as stressed about the time you spend away from your pet, that doesn’t mean that it won’t affect your mental health. The latest  survey from PetMed Express only proves that separation has an effect both on dogs and their pawrents.The results of this survey were recently released after being conducted by OnePoll, and they show us that pet parents – unsurprisingly – while out away for work or chores, will deeply miss their four-legged friends back at home. And, interestingly, the poll shows that the strain only got worse after the owners had to return to their offices after the Covid pandemic and the time they spent in their homes. "This research confirms what we already know: People love their pets and prioritize being with them," said Matt Hulett, President and CEO of PetMeds. "What's eye-opening is how many pet parents feel their own sense of separation anxiety and loneliness when they're away from their pets – a concept that underscores the pivotal role our pets play in our lives."The results indicate that 4 in 10 pet parents said that they would rather accept a lower salary and work from home, just so they could be closer to their furry friends. It is a sad truth and an everyday occurrence that owners have to endure the commute and long work hours and yearn for the company of their pets all the while. PetMeds claims that pet parents begin to miss their pets just 37 minutes after being apart, on average. Furthermore, the results show that on average they find themselves thinking about their pets about 13 times per day. Here are some other stats included:44% expressed worry about their pets experiencing separation anxiety52% have felt an increase in their own separation anxiety in the past two years42% said they have observed a change in their pet's mental health and behavior in the past two years48% said their pets follow them to the door and look sad when they leave63% would like more support and guidance in understanding their pet's health and behavior70% would try pet telehealth servicesWhat about you? How do you cope with being separated from your cherished four-legged friend?

Why Are Labradors Fat? Scientists Have the Answer

The friendly, playful, and trainable Labrador is one of the most popular dog breeds around the world. But, few canines are as obsessed with food as Labrador retrievers - and now scientists think they have discovered why. According to new research, a quarter of labs are predisposed to obesity due to a genetic mutation.Approximately 25 percent of Labradors face a double-whammy of burning fewer calories and feeling hungry all the time because of an anomaly. Scientists explain that this obesity-causing combination means dog owners must be strict when feeding and exercising their labs to keep them fit.The mutation is found in the gene called POMC, which plays an important role in energy use and hunger, and affects how dogs behave around food. Around 25 percent of Labradors and 66 percent of flat-coated retrievers are affected by POMC mutation, which puts these dogs at risk of obesity and causes increased interest in food.Researchers found that although these dogs don’t need to eat more to feel full, they are hungrier in between meals. The study also showed that dogs with the POMC mutation use around 25 percent less energy when resting than dogs without it. As a result, these pooches don’t need to eat as many calories to maintain a healthy weight. “We found that a mutation in the POMC gene seems to make dogs hungrier. Affected dogs tend to overeat because they get hungry between meals more quickly than dogs without the mutation,” said Dr. Eleanor Raffan, a researcher in the University of Cambridge’s Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience who led the study. “All owners of Labradors and flat-coated retrievers need to watch what they’re feeding these highly food-motivated dogs to keep them a healthy weight. But dogs with this genetic mutation face a double whammy: they not only want to eat more, but also need fewer calories because they’re not burning them off as fast,” she added.The study found that the POMC mutation alters a pathway in dogs’ brains associated with body weight regulation. The mutated genes trigger the starvation signal that sends a message to the body to increase food intake and conserve energy.The study involved 87 adult pet Labradors, all at a healthy weight or moderately obese. The dogs were subjected to several tests, including ‘the sausage in the box’ test. The dogs were first given a can of wet dog food every 20 minutes until they couldn’t eat any more. All labs eat huge amounts of food, but what’s interesting is that dogs with POMC didn’t eat more food than the dogs without it.On a different day, all dogs were given the same breakfast. Three hours later they were offered a sausage in a box made of clear plastic and a perforated lid, so the dogs could see and smell the sausage but not eat it.Scientists discovered that labs with POMC mutation tried harder to get the sausage than the dogs without it, showing greater hunger. In another test, the dogs were allowed to sleep in a special chamber that measured the gases they breathed out. This test showed that labs with POMC mutation burn 25 percent fewer calories than dogs without it. According to researchers, people are often rude to owners of fat dogs, criticizing them for not feeding and exercising their dogs properly. However, this study has shown that labs with POMC are trying to increase their energy intake by looking for food all the time. Keeping these dogs slim is challenging, but possible. Spreading out daily food rations, by using puzzle feeders to slow down feeding or scattering the food around the yard so it takes longer to eat are ways owners can keep their Labradors distracted from constant hunger. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Do Dogs Cry Tears?

Perhaps you spotted tears streaming from your pet’s eyes and wondered: do dogs cry tears as an emotional response? Or is there a different explanation for this phenomenon? Well, the answer is pretty straightforward – dogs don’t produce tears because of their emotions like we humans do. They produce tears primarily to lubricate their eyes, and remove dust and other irritants. But, this does not mean that they don’t express emotions in other ways – here’s what you need to know about your teary-eyed furball.Do Dogs Cry Real Tears?If you spot tears running from your dog’s eyes, you are not deceived – they are real. However, they are not tears of sadness or emotion, as dogs simply don’t express feelings the same way as we do. The role of those tears is more of a bodily function. They are there to lubricate the eye, making sure it functions as it should. After all, dogs can just rub their eyes or place a few drops inside when needed. So, their body does the job for them, and hence the tears. Of course, an excessive amount of tears is not natural. And neither are dry and tearless eyes. So, in either one of these cases, you should schedule a visit with your vet. Dry eyes in dogs are also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) or "dry eye syndrome," and can lead to discomfort, irritation, and potential complications if left untreated. In many cases of dry eyes, veterinarians prescribe artificial tears or  lubricating eye drops to help moisturize the eyes and relieve discomfort. These drops can help supplement the natural tear production and provide relief from dryness. 

An AI App Helps Vets Diagnose Cats By Detecting Their Pain Levels

Every cat owner has wondered what their cat is thinking about - at least once in a while. You see your feline friend just standing there in the corner, its gaze fixed on something and its expression a true enigma. Sadly, it’s not that easy to read a cat’s emotions, so most of it just remains a mystery. Until now, that is. An Alberta-based company is developing an app that could change the way we see cats and their emotions. The innovative AI app is named Tably, and it aims to help vet clinics assess a cat’s pain more easily. Susan Groenveld, one of the developers of Tably, said that felines visit the vet far less than dogs. "And when you really unpack that, it's because they hide their pain. When a cat is in pain, they go and hide under the bed, versus a dog that'll present to the owner, like kids do," said Groeneveld, the founder at Sylvester.ai, the company developing the  Tably app. "I thought, wouldn't it be cool if everyday people that love their pets would know if their animal may be demonstrating pain."An earlier version of the app already showed remarkable success, with tens of thousands of downloads around the world. Susan Groeneveld said that those early stages of the app acquired around 54,000 downloads in just a week, showing that there is a big need for something like this. "This told us that people were really, really interested in it," she said. "But we really wanted to make sure that it was validated and veterinarians actually supported it because it was a really easy opportunity for us to become a novelty."As the work progressed, the app had been clinically tested by both veterinarians and pet owners in the United States, Canada, as well as in Europe. It is expected that the app will arrive in the digital market in the U.S., Singapore, and France in January. And for Canada, the app should see a release this fall. How does Tably work? The app uses special algorithms that apply standards and facial pain scores that vets previously created. With that, the vets can review the results and better assess the cat’s state. "We believe our technology will make it more accurate because there's less human bias in the subjectivity of the assessment," Groeneveld said.Positive reviews have been overwhelming so far, many of them coming from respected vets. Dr. Liz Ruelle, a vet at the Wild Rose Cat Clinic in Calgary, Alberta, is on the advisory board for the Tably app. Her involvement is very important for the developers, and Dr. Ruelle used the app in her practice. In fact, Dr. Ruelle states that she definitely plans on using the app in her future work and said for  Yahoo: “When a cat experiences pain, its eyes and eyelid positions change and they shift their ear positions. Like if we're in a good mood and we smile, we could think of how our cheeks are uplifted. We see the apples of our cheeks. If I had whiskers on my cheeks, then I would have that same uplifted, happy whiskers," she said. "But when I'm feeling sad, or headache, or painful, then those facial muscles start to sag down … instead of being upright and perky whiskers, they would be kind of dropping down the face."The best thing of all - the app won’t be exclusive to vets. Groeneveld and Ruell stated that a special lite version is planned, which will be aimed at pet owners to use at home. No exact dates have been provided, however. 

Are Bengal Cats Really That Wild? Here's What Science Has to Say.

Bengal cats are a truly stunning feline breed, in many ways. According to the International Cat Association (TICA), they hold the title of being the most popular cat breed globally, and it doesn’t really come as a surprise. Their unique and exotic appearance, their unavoidable charm, and their slender physique are certainly the reason for this prestigious title. But even though they are popular, Bengal cats are a relatively new breed in the field of domesticated cats. While most ordinary domestic cat breeds have been around for thousands of years, Bengal cats have been around for less than a century, which comes as a stark contrast. They are a hybrid breed as well, having been created in the 1960s. They came about from the crossing of the domestic cat (Felis Catus), and the Asian Leopard cats (Prionailurus Bengalensis), which are a small, spotted, wild cat species living in Asia. What makes the combination unique is the fact that these two cat species had a common ancestor about 6 million years ago, which means that the genetic differences between them are incredible. The differences are even greater than between humans and chimpanzees!The resulting breed is the Bengal cat, and it is adored for its exotic appearance. It has special spots, just like ocelots or leopards. But most folks ascribe the unique coloration and patterns of these felines to the DNA they received from their wild and distantly related ancestors. And that’s why scientific folks paid special attention to the ancestry of Bengal cats. Greg Barsh, MD, Ph.D., Faculty Investigator at HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology and Professor of Genetics at Stanford University,  himself an expert in the genetics of feline coat coloration and patterning is a key figure in the research process of Bengal ancestry. Together with his team, which is led by Chris Kaelin, Ph.D., and Kelly McGowan, MD, Ph.D., Mr. Barsh is working hard towards unraveling Bengal ancestry through the genetics of popular color traits."Cats are wonderful companions," he explains for  Phys.org, "but our interests go beyond their beautiful and exotic appearance. Like the amazing variation among different dog breeds, artificial selection can be a very powerful engine to create morphologic diversity. What's different about Bengal cats from dogs is the raw genetic material–dogs trace their heritage to wolves from tens of thousands of years ago.""In contrast, Bengal cats trace their heritage to completely different species from millions of years ago. Understanding how these distantly related genomes interact is a general question that applies to any situation when different species exchange genes, from crops to aquaculture to humans and Neandertals."And even though this is a relatively new breed, started about 60 years ago by a few cat enthusiasts, it has grown incredibly during this time. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of registered Bengal cats, which are produced by about 2,000 breeders. Chris Kaelin, the leader of the Bengal cat DNA study, said “Cat fanciers and breeders are very interested in the research, in part because they want to know more about the science behind artificial selection, and in part, because they want to know if our results can help them produce cats with rosettes, stripes, or other exotic markings.” He also added "This is a great example of citizen science–our work has been enabled by the willingness of breeders to participate, and we share our results with the community."One of the surprising discoveries that was produced from the study is that Asian Leopard DNA contributes no more than a few percent to the overall Bengal Cat DNA. In fact, it is revealed that there isn’t one or even a few Asian leopard genes that are causing the unique spotted Bengal appearance. "One of the original motivations for bringing together DNA from the two species was to select for Asian leopard DNA that would recapitulate the appearance of an exotic wild cat in a companion animal," said Kaelin. "It turns out that some of the most striking examples of selection in the breed are for traits that were already present, but very rare, in domestic cats."So, the study reveals that the Bengals are in many ways totally unique. Mixing the two very unique breeds resulted in a cat that is exotic, elegant, charming, and above all loveable. And now, the results published are providing valuable information to all the enthusiasts in love with the Bengal breed. 

A Six-legged Abandoned Dog Has Surgery to Remove Extra Limbs

A six-legged cocker spaniel found abandoned in a supermarket parking lot in Wales has had surgery to remove her extra limbs. The pooch was named Ariel, after the Little Mermaid, because her extra limbs were fused together, resembling a mermaid’s tail. Greenacres Rescue, a non-profit group from Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire, Wales, took Ariel in, arranged her surgery, and found her a foster family.  Ariel, who was born with multiple birth defects, was operated on at Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital. Surgeon Aaron Lutchman performed the surgery and managed to save all four limbs amid fears that one hind leg might have to be amputated. “She’s doing really well, she’s bounced back and she’s a happy little dog and we’re hoping she’s going to go on to lead a fabulous little life,” said Lutchman. “She’s got her own little character and even though she’s had a tough start in life she really has done well to come through this as she has… if we can do what we can to help then that’s just absolutely brilliant.” According to Mikey Lawlor, founder and manager of Greenacres Rescue, Ariel was skinny and distressed when she was rescued. “The vet who initially assessed Ariel noted that, in addition to her two surplus back legs, she also had an additional vulva,” said Lawlor. A CT scan later revealed that Ariel was born with only one kidney, which increased the complexity of the medical treatment she required. Unfortunately, the pup’s pelvis never formed properly because she had two hip joints on one side of the body. As a result, Ariel’s normal hind leg had no muscle tone, so there was a chance that that leg had to be amputated as well. “Thankfully, that wasn’t the case though as it’s shown signs of having strengthened a lot in recent months,” Lawlor added.Ariel is recovering nicely after her surgery, having lots of love and fuss from the nursing team. Now that the surgery is behind her, everyone is hoping that she’ll have an easy and quick recovery.“There were two procedures which lasted about two hours, but both went fine. The next day she was up, walking around and eating and drinking.”“Now we just need to keep our fingers crossed she doesn’t get any infections, but she really is in the best of hands,” added Lawlor according to BBC. The brave pooch was discharged over the weekend and has already returned home to her foster family in Wales. According to her vet, Ariel has to rest for the next two weeks to recover completely. The founder of Greenacres Rescue hopes that the organization will be able to find a forever home for Ariel after she completes physiotherapy and recovery. “The response we had to Ariel’s story so far, including calls and emails from as far away as New York and Australia, has been incredible - so I’ve no doubt she’ll be snapped up,” said Lawlor.“I just can’t say enough of a thank you to everyone who’s contributed to helping her.” The organization raised around $19,000 for Ariel’s life-changing surgery thanks to donations from people all over the world.“Ariel was a complicated little dog whose care required close collaboration across a number of our specialist teams, including orthopedics, soft tissue surgery, anesthesia, and radiology,” said Vicki Black, the director of Langford Vets’ Hospital. “As part of the University of Bristol, we are a center committed to career-long learning and are proud to innovate and treat pets like Ariel. We are delighted such a lovely animal has recovered well from her surgery.”Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Top stories

Everything You Need to Know About Dog DNA Testing

Related articles