Setting a Schedule for Routine Tank Maintenance

by Kate Barrington

Published: January 12th, 2016

setting a schedule for routine tank maintenance

Aquariums need to be maintained regularly – it’s essential to keeping your fish healthy and your tank looking its best. Set a tank maintenance schedule and stick to it.

Many people assume that keeping a fish tank is much easier than caring for a cat or dog. It’s true that you do not need to worry about training your fish and you won’t have to take them outside several times a day. There are, however, plenty of maintenance tasks that you must perform if you want to keep your tank healthy.

Necessary Maintenance Tasks

The necessary maintenance tasks for a freshwater aquarium can be divided into two main categories: care for your fish, and care for your tank. The most important task you need to perform on a regular basis is, of course, feeding your fish. Most aquarium hobbyists choose to feed their fish once or twice a day, though many fish will do just fine if you only feed them a few times per week. The thing to keep in mind when feeding your fish is that you should avoid feeding them large amounts of food at one time. Your best bet is to feed your fish only as much as they can physically consume within a 5-minute period of time. If you give your fish too much food they won’t be able to eat it all before it falls to the bottom of the tank. Once there, the food will begin to decompose and it will affect the water quality of your tank – this will then impact your other maintenance tasks.

In terms of caring for your tank, your most important tasks will be to test your water chemistry and to perform weekly water changes. Maintaining the right water chemistry in your tank is a delicate balance – testing your tank water once a week will help you to monitor that balance. Each time you test your tank water, record the results in a journal so you can compare them each week. If the results one week are significantly different than the weeks before, you will know that there is a problem and you can take steps to fix it. You should also change out 15% to 20% of your tank volume once a week – this will help to remove nitrites and other dissolved wastes from your tank water. Just be sure that you treat the water you use to refill the tank to remove chlorine and other water treatment chemicals.

Creating a Tank Maintenance Schedule

As long as you keep up with your routine maintenance tasks, you shouldn’t have to perform a complete cleaning of your tank very often. Below you will find a list of daily tasks as well as weekly and monthly tasks you should be doing – this will help you to create your own tank maintenance schedule.

Daily Tasks: Your most important daily tasks is, of course, feeding your fish. Aside from this, however, you should also be performing a quick check of your tank equipment to make sure it is all working properly. You also want to check the tank temperature and observe your fish for a few minutes to make sure that they are all in good health.

Weekly Tasks: Your most important weekly tasks are to test your tank water and to perform a water change. When you perform your water changes, use a gravel vacuum to remove accumulated debris from the substrate in your tank then use a dechlorinating solution to treat the water you use to refill the tank. If you have a high-powered lighting system installed, you may need to top off your tank two or three times a week to account for evaporation.

Monthly Tasks: In addition to your weekly water changes you should also do a larger water change of about 25% your tank volume once per month. You may also want to replace your chemical filtration media every three to four weeks and rinse out your filter to remove accumulated debris. You will eventually need to replace your aquarium lightbulbs as well, but not as often as once a month.

If you keep to a regular schedule with your routine maintenance tasks, you shouldn’t have to spend more than thirty to sixty minutes at a time caring for your tank. Some tasks will need to be completed daily while others only need to be done once a week or once a month. The more you keep up with your schedule, the easier your maintenance will be.

Kate Barrington

Kate Barrington is the loving owner of two cats (Bagel and Munchkin) and a noisy herd of guinea pigs. Having grown up with golden retrievers, Kate has a great deal of experience with dogs but labels herself a lover of all pets. Having received a Bachelor's degree in English, Kate has combined her love for pets and her passion for writing to create her own freelance writing business, specializing in the pet niche.

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Daily and Weekly Coral Reef Tank Maintenance Schedule

You’ve set up your coral reef tank and it looks spectacular. But don’t rest on your laurels – you need to keep on top of daily and weekly maintenance to make sure it stays that way. Many aquarium hobbyists agree that setting up an aquarium is the hardest part – once you have all of the equipment up and running, maintenance is fairly simple. However, certain types of aquarium require more maintenance than others. Reef tanks, for example, require daily care and maintenance if you want your inhabitants to thrive. To ensure your coral reef tank thrives, here’s the daily and weekly maintenance you need to schedule. Daily Reef Tank Maintenance Tasks There are two main things you should do every day as part of your reef tank maintenance – feeding and observation. Depending what type of fish you have in your reef tank (if you have any at all), you will need to come up with a feeding schedule to ensure that your fish get a healthy, varied diet. Related: What are the Most Attractive Corals for a Reef Tank? Most days you will be feeding your fish a staple diet of commercial foods but you should supplement that diet several times a week with fresh, frozen, and freeze-dried foods for variation. Keep in mind that different species of fish have different dietary requirements (such as herbivores versus carnivores), so do your research to determine what foods your fish need. In addition to feeding your fish, you may also need to feed corals and reef tank invertebrates. Many corals feed on algae and various microorganisms that they filter out of the tank water but some corals will require supplemental feeding. As you are feeding your fish and other tank inhabitants, you should also be observing them, looking for potential signs of illness. If you notice any of your fish acting strangely, remove them immediately to a quarantine tank to prevent the spread of disease. The more time you spend observing you reef tank inhabitants, the more you will get a feel for their natural behavior. This will make it easier for you to spot changes in their behavior or condition. Related: Top 5 Low Light Corals for a Beginner Reef Tank Weekly Maintenance Tasks for Reef Tanks While your daily maintenance tasks will have the biggest impact on the health and wellness of your reef tank inhabitants, there are certain weekly maintenance tasks which should not be disregarded. For example, you should test your tank water once a week to make sure that the parameters are all in line. Test things like the pH level in your tank as well as the water hardness, salinity, and levels for toxic substances like ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. Keep a journal of your test results so you can determine the baseline of your tank – this will make it easier for you to spot fluctuations. After completing your water test, you may also need to top off your tank with fresh seawater to account for evaporation. Aside from these daily and weekly maintenance tasks, you should also plan to perform a 20 percent water change at least every two weeks – you also have the option of performing a smaller 10 percent change once a week. Clean your tank equipment every two to three months, rotating the schedule so that you only clean one item at a time – if you clean them all together you could end up killing the beneficial bacteria in your tank that help to maintain the nitrogen cycle.

7 Common Types of Algae Found in Freshwater Aquariums

It’s not easy being green… or brown… or red. How many different types of freshwater algae are you familiar with? If you see something green and fuzzy growing on your tank surfaces, it is probably some kind of algae. Not all algae is green, however, and it might not all be fuzzy. There are a number of different types of algae which can be found growing in freshwater aquariums. Know your algae – here are seven different types of freshwater algae you might encounter and how to control them. Related: Tips for Keeping Your Aquarium Water Quality High Most Common Freshwater Algae Types There are many different types of algae which grow in aquatic conditions but there are seven that are most commonly seen in freshwater aquariums. These seven types of algae are: Brown Algae: This type of algae is most commonly seen in tanks with high phosphate or nitrate levels. Brown algae is also common in new tanks but it generally goes away after the tank has cycled properly.Green Hair Algae: This type of algae grows in long, wispy threads and it is sometimes called thread algae. This algae is usually green in color, though it may also be brown. Hair algae is easy to remove but it quickly returns if the conditions responsible for its growth are not remedied.Red Algae: This algae can be found in both freshwater and saltwater conditions and it is multicellular which gives it a rigid structure. Red algae is also sometimes called beard algae or brush algae but these are all different types of red algae. Related: Setting a Schedule for Routine Tank Maintenance Green Algae: This type of algae is most commonly seen in aquariums with very bright lighting and it can grow on tank objects as well as in the tank water. Sometimes green algae will cause an algae bloom which turns all of the water in the tank green.Blue-Green Algae: Technically, blue-green algae is actually a type of bacteria called cyanobacteria and it is most commonly found in very nutrient-rich waters. Most freshwater fish do not eat blue-green algae but some freshwater snails like Nerite snails do.Black Algae: This type of algae is commonly found in planted tanks and it grows in dark black spots that may be fuzzy in texture. Black algae is often seen in the roots of slow-growing plants and in filters.Diatoms: This type of algae is brown in color and it may show up in spots on the walls of your tank or on other tank objects. Diatoms can be found in both freshwater and saltwater environments. My Aquarium Has Algae! Now What? If you notice algae growing in your aquarium, it doesn’t mean that you have failed your fish in any way. Algae is a natural and common struggle when maintaining a tank, one that we will all experience at one time or another. By recognizing that you have a problem, you’ve already taken the first step towards getting it under control. The earlier you recognize that you have an algae problem, the easier it will be to clean. The Blackout Method A common approach to removing algae in a planted tank, the blackout method works by removing all light from the tank for a set time. By removing light, you are removing one of the basic things that the algae need to grow and thrive. Start by removing as much of the algae as you can from your tank. Complete a 50% water change, paying careful attention to thoroughly cleaning your aquarium filters. By taping standard black garbage bags onto your tank, completely block any light from reaching the aquarium and leave it in complete darkness for 96 hours. If you do use carbon dioxide in your tank, turn it off. You should also avoid feeding your fish during this time to avoid introducing any additional food for the algae. After the 96-hour period, uncover your tank. Complete another 50% water change, cleaning your tank and all filters thoroughly. At this point, you should see a significant difference in the condition of your tank! UV Sterilizers Using a fluorescent bulb, these devices emit ultraviolent that can kill single-cell organisms like algae. They are safe to use around your fish when used correctly, continually working behind the scenes to keep the water in your tank clean and clear. While these devices are found to be highly effective, it should be noted that they can only kill algae and bacteria that are floating in the water as it passes through the device. This means that they can’t completely clean your tank on their own. Instead, you should use a sterilizer as part of a larger cleaning plan, removing algae from the various surfaces in your aquarium and allowing the sterilizer to clean free-floating algae. Chemical Algae Treatments There are chemical treatment options available on the market that will work to combat the existing algae in your tank while also preventing any new growth. Take the time to read the packaging of any product that you are considering both to ensure that it is formulated to work with the specific type of algae that you are cleaning up as well as to learn how to use the product safely. The benefit of using a chemical treatment is that it involves less work than physically cleaning and removing algae. However, not all chemicals are safe for use in every aquarium. Some chemical treatments that are labeled as unsafe for use in aquariums with live plants, snails, or other invertebrates. If these are included in your tank, be cautious. Always do your research first. Tips for Controlling Freshwater Algae The secret to controlling algae in your freshwater tank is to limit the things algae needs to grow. You cannot reduce your water level without affecting your fish, but you can take away other key nutrients like light. Algae is most likely to grow in tanks that are placed in direct sunlight and in tanks that have a surplus of artificial lighting. Keep your tank away from windows and only keep your tank lights on for 10 to 12 hours per day. You can also limit the nutrients that algae needs to grow – this includes nitrate and phosphate. Using an aquarium filter and performing water changes to keep the water quality in your tank high will help you to accomplish this goal. Another option is to stock your tank with algae-eating fish or invertebrates. Most species only eat green algae, but you can find species that specialize in eating certain types of algae if you do your research. You may not be able to completely prevent algae from growing in your freshwater aquarium, but there are plenty of things you can do to limit its growth. By controlling lighting and nutrients you can reduce algae growth and adding algae-eating species of fish will take care of any leftovers.

Porkfish

Porkfish General Description The name porkfish is usually used to describe a particular species of grunt that can be found in the tropical regions of the world. The porkfish belongs to the genus Anisotremus in the family Haemulidae which contains roughly 133 species. Porkfish are a medium- to large-sized fish that can grow up to 16 inches in length, though most do not exceed 10 inches at maturity. These fish prefer to be kept in very large schools with others of their own kind, though they can be peaceful with other fish of similar size. The name porkfish is usually used to describe a particular species of grunt that can be found in the tropical regions of the world. Origins The species most commonly known as the porkfish can be found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the Atlantic Ocean ranging from Florida to Brazil and throughout the Caribbean Sea into the Gulf of Mexico. Color The coloration of porkfishes varies, but the main species of this type exhibits a bright yellow coloration with bright blue horizontal striping and vertical black bars through the eye and the pectoral fin. Maintenance and Care

Unicornfish

Unicornfish General Description Species belonging to the genus Naso are typically referred to as unicornfish because they have a long pointed protuberance in the middle of their heads. Unicornfish belong to the same family as surgeonfish, Acanthuridae, and there are about 20 different species that have been recognized. Unicornfish have a tendency to become aggressive and territorial with their own kind but they are generally peaceful and non-combative with other non-aggressive saltwater species of similar size. Species belonging to the genus Naso are typically referred to as unicornfish because they have a long pointed protuberance in the middle of their heads. Origins Unicornfishes can be found in tropical locations around the globe, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region ranging from Hawaii to Africa. Color While there are variations among different species, many are very drab in color. There are three species, however, that are very brightly colored – Elegant Unicornfishes, Bignose Unicornfishes, and Orange Spine Unicornfishes. Maintenance and Care

Frogfish

Frogfish General Description The species known as frogfish are all members of the family Antennariidae which is sometimes known as the anglerfish family, especially in Australia. For the most part, frogfishes (also known as anglers) are small with short and stocky bodies that are sometimes covered in spinules and myriad appendages to act as camouflage. Most species range from 1 to 15 inches in length and many of them are peaceful by nature, though some can be semi-aggressive. If you do plan to keep anglers with other fish, make sure they are non-aggressive and not small enough to be viewed as prey. The species known as frogfish are all members of the family Antennariidae which is sometimes known as the anglerfish family. Origins Frogfishes can be found in all parts of the world in subtropical and tropical oceans and seas, though they are not found in the Mediterranean Sea. They are most common in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans as well as the Red Sea. Color While some frogfish are quite drab, many species exhibit bright colors like yellow, green, and red, often with black or colored spots to aid in their camouflage. There is the potential for wide variation in color, even within a single species. Maintenance and Care

What to Know About Cat Reproduction

With a better understanding of feline reproduction, you can take steps to prevent unwanted litters, and you’ll know what to expect if you have an intact female or male.What does it mean when a queen (intact female cat) is in heat? How long does a pregnancy last? And why does it seem that cats are so good at reproducing? Below are the basics to help you get started.  There Are Multiple Stages in the Cat Heat CycleA cat’s estrous cycle, also known as her heat cycle, consists of multiple phases. Also, females are seasonally polyestrous, so they can go into heat more than once throughout the breeding season.The stages of a cat’s heat cycle are:Proestrus – During this phase, which will last about a day or two, you probably won’t notice any obvious changes in your cat.Estrus – During this phase, which lasts about a week on average, a female cat will behave in a way that lets males know that she wants to mate.Interestrus – If a cat doesn’t mate, she’ll go into this phase, which can also last about a week on average, until she goes into proestrus again. If a queen mates, ovulates, and becomes pregnant, she will enter diestrus.If a queen isn’t in a heat cycle at all, she’s in anestrus, which can last months.Cats Can Get Pregnant When They’re a Few Months OldCats become sexually mature around 6 months of age, on average, but it can happen even sooner than that. For example, a female can go into heat when she’s a mere four months old.This means that even kittens can mate and get pregnant. If you have intact male and female kittens, this is definitely something to be aware of. Talk to your veterinarian about the best time to spay or neuter your feline companions to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Cat Pregnancy Is Roughly Two Months LongA cat’s pregnancy can be shorter at 60 days or longer at 71 days. On average, a cat will give birth in about nine weeks, or 63 to 65 days. In other words, the pregnancy will be roughly two months long.On average, a cat will have four kittens, but she might have just one or she might have six or more. A queen’s age may affect the size of her litter—for example, a cat who’s pregnant for the first time is more likely to have a smaller litter, as is an older queen.After giving birth, a cat might go into heat again sooner than you think. It might even happen while her kittens are still nursing. So, if you’re caring for a mother and her litter, it’s important to prevent another pregnancy by keeping her safe indoors and away from intact males. Cats Are Induced OvulatorsWhat’s interesting about cats is that they’re induced ovulators. Put simply, when cats mate, the female ovulates, releasing eggs from her ovaries. And since the eggs are released with mating, it times out in a way that boosts the odds of pregnancy.A queen typically needs to mate multiple times before eggs are released, and she could mate with more than one male while she’s in heat.  A Litter of Kittens Can Have Different FathersAs mentioned above, a queen will mate more than once while she’s in heat. Well, another interesting fact about cats is that they can mate with more than one male while they’re in heat, so they could end up with kittens that have different fathers.In other words, a single litter of kittens could have two or more fathers. This is known as superfecundation.There Are Several Signs of Pregnancy in CatsHow can you tell if a cat is pregnant? Even though there are going to be several signs as the fetuses develop, you might not notice anything right away.You might first notice the queen’s nipples becoming more obvious. This is followed by weight gain that will eventually cause her belly to be big and round. Changes in behavior are also often seen in pregnant cats. Her appetite will increase, she may become more needy and affectionate, and she’ll look for a nest where she can give birth safely and comfortably.If you are caring for a pregnant cat, consider getting a product like the Sport Pet Pop Open Pet Kennel, which features two entryways, has a waterproof bottom, and comes with a removable, machine washable pad. She might view this as the perfect nesting box, and you’ll feel good knowing she’ll be secure in there with her kittens.

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Scientists Finally Know Why Cats Love Tuna So Much

No food is more synonymous with cats than tuna. Even the pickiest of cats can’t resist the tuna’s fishy flavor. Finally, scientists have learned why cats love tuna so much. In the study published in the journal Chemical Sense, scientists report that cats, like humans, have receptors needed to detect umami flavor. Along with sweet, sour, bitter, and salty, umami is one of the five basic tastes.Umami seems to be the cats’ favorite flavor. Considering that umami gives food a deep and savory meaty aroma, it’s no surprise that an obligate carnivore like a cat would prefer it over all other flavors.The research team also found that cats’ taste receptors bind to two chemicals found in high concentrations in tuna. These chemicals boost the umami flavor, making cats obsessed with tuna. “This is an important study that will help us better understand the preferences of our familiar pers,” says Yasuka Toda, a molecular biologist at Meiji University. According to Toda, this study could help cat food manufacturers create healthier food and more palatable medication for cats. Previous studies showed that cats have a unique palate. Cats can’t taste sugar, because their sweet receptor gene is dysfunctional. Scientists believe that felines lose the ability to taste sweeteners and carbs because they don’t need these macronutrients to survive. Cats also have fewer bitter flavor receptors than humans. This trait is commonly seen in obligated carnivores. “Since discovering that cats don’t have a functional sweet taste receptor, we did wonder what they would respond to instead,” study lead author Scott McGrane, a sensory science expert at Waltham Petcare Science Institute, told Live Science. Humans and other animals possess two genes - Tas1r1 and Tas1r3 that work together to detect umami flavor. Previous research has shown that cats express the umami-related Tas1r3 gene in their taste buds, but it was unclear whether they possess both genes needed to detect umami flavor. The research team led by McGrane discovered that cats expressed both Tas1r1 and Tas1r3 genes in their taste buds. To learn this, the scientist biopsied the tongue of a six-year-old male cat that had been euthanized for health reasons unrelated to this study. However, a closer look at the protein sequences encoded by these genes showed that they are very different from human genes. As it turned out, the main amino acids that activate umami flavor in people - glutamic and aspartic acid - were mutated in cats. “So I began thinking, maybe cats can’t taste umami,” said McGrane. But, as it turned out, amino acids don’t bind to the cat umami receptor alone. Nucleotides, which are common in meat and yeast, bind to the cat receptor and glutamic and aspartic acid then have an enhancing effect. “That’s the exact opposite of what we see in people,” explained McGrane. Cats love tuna because it contains the nucleotide inosine monophosphate. Tuna also contains large quantities of L-histidine, an essential amino acid for cats, that enhances umami flavor. “The L-histidine content of tuna is much higher than of other fish species and meat sources.”These new findings could be used for the development of tastier cat food and pharmaceuticals. Although cat food manufacturers already knew that cats prefer meaty flavors, they now have much more details about the compounds they can start working with. It’s essential for manufacturers to ensure that animals want to eat the food they formulate and find it appealing. “I think umami is as important for cats as sweet is for humans,” said Toda. Dogs, she explained, can taste both sweet and umami, which may explain why they’re not such fussy eaters. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Is Peanut Butter Safe for Dogs?

Ah, peanut butter –who doesn’t love a smear of this sticky butter on their toast? Whether you top it with bananas or jelly or something else altogether, spread on bread, mix in oatmeal, or add to smoothies, you likely enjoy the nutty goodness of peanut butter at least a few times a week. But can you share PB with your dog? While this tasty spread is generally safe for dogs as they have no issue eating peanuts in the form of butter, it’s the other ingredients that may be in the PB you’re eating that could harm them. This is what you should know before giving your pet peanut butter – whether as an ingredient of something else or on its own.Is Peanut Butter Safe for Dogs? To give you a short and straightforward answer, yes, peanut butter is safe for dogs when it’s made only out of peanuts as the single ingredient. However, that’s not always the case with commercially made peanut butter. To tweak its consistency, shelf life, or even modify its flavor, companies can add a variety of different ingredients to their peanut butter products, so it’s crucial to read the label before giving your pet even just a lick of peanut butter – and it wouldn't hurt to do so before eating it yourself, either. The most dangerous ingredient (for dogs) that could be added to peanut butter is  xylitol, or birch sugar, as it is sometimes labeled. This sweetener is highly toxic to dogs as even small amounts of xylitol can cause a rapid release of insulin, leading to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), seizures, and liver failure in dogs.Another thing that could be problematic about peanut butter for dogs is not a matter of a sneaky ingredient but the fact that it’s a high-fat food. If not given in moderation, peanut butter can largely contribute to obesity in dogs, and in turn, promote health issues such as  pancreatitis at worst and upset tummy at best. It is also important to note that some dogs may be allergic to peanuts, the same as is the case with us humans. If you are giving your pet peanut butter for the first time, monitor them for signs of allergic reactions, such as itching, redness, swelling, or gastrointestinal upset, and consult your veterinarian if concerns arise.Benefits of Peanut Butter for Dogs and How To Incorporate It In Your Dog’s DietIn addition to being yummy, peanut butter is also beneficial for dogs. It might be high in fat, but it is predominantly unsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which support skin and coat health, joint function, and immune system function in dogs. It is also a rich source of plant-based protein and will support your pet's overall health when given in moderation. So how do you ensure you don’t overdo it with PB and that your pet reap only the benefits of this nutty spread? While an excellent reward to utilize when training with positive reinforcement methods, peanut butter should be given sparingly rather than every time your pooch does a good job. Use a small amount – a teaspoon will work well for the job. Alternatively, if your pet loves the taste of peanut butter but you’re trying to maintain their weight, opting for peanut butter-flavored treats is a perfect compromise. My dogs prefer crunchy treats and are big PB fans, so one of their favorites is  American Journey Peanut Butter Recipe Grain-Free Oven Baked Crunchy Biscuit Dog Treats.

Are Dogs Smarter than Cats?

The rivalry between cats and dogs is an age-old thing. Many pet owners are divided in their affections, as some adore kitties, but others are strictly doggo lovers. And this rivalry poses an intriguing question – could there be a difference between cats and dogs? While both are cuddly and loveable, they are inevitably different. So, could it be possible that  dogs are smarter than cats, or vice versa? This is a popular question in the scientific world, and many tried answering it. Let’s see what they came up with.Are Dogs Smarter than Cats? For ages, the debate on the rivalry between cats and dogs has been ongoing. Ultimately, however, it all depends on how you define “smart”. Dogs are often loved for their obedience, their ability to be trained and follow commands, their unwavering loyalty, and their excellent guardian traits. Cats, on the other hand, are known for their independence, their adaptability and problem-solving skills, their free and restless spirit, and their cuddly nature. So, as we can see, while generally different in personalities, both of these animals possess certain cognitive skills – but is one smarter than the other?Recent studies have revealed that both dogs and cats possess unique cognitive abilities suited to their respective lifestyles and evolutionary histories. Meaning, they are completely different animals. Dogs, for example, originated from domesticated canines, far, far back in history. They were bred over thousands of years to work alongside humans, protect flocks, help with hunting, and guard homes. This, in turn, has likely influenced their ability to understand and communicate with us, and to be so devoted as pets. But cats are different. In stark contrast to doggos, cats have retained more of their wild instincts, allowing them to thrive in a variety of environments and situations.All of this means that you can’t really compare the intelligence of a cat and that of a dog. It’s like comparing apples and oranges – it just doesn’t go. Each animal excels in different areas and possesses different strengths. It's more accurate to appreciate the unique qualities of each species rather than trying to determine which one is "smarter."But even so, scientists tried to reach a decisive conclusion. They studied both cats and dogs and ultimately reached an answer - at least, scientifically speaking. Their research shows that dogs are smarter than cats! Some of you might find this answer surprising but don’t raise a revolt just yet. Cats are super intelligent even so. It’s just that they are likely not as smart as some dogs are. The secret is in “smartness” itself. Dogs are intelligent in their own way. They are generally more reliant on humans for problem-solving tasks, but they are adept at learning from observation and experience. They can also be trained to perform a wide range of tasks, from simple tricks to complex behaviors, such as guiding the visually impaired or detecting explosives. Cats, however, are natural hunters and possess excellent problem-solving skills. They are known for their agility, stealth, and ability to strategize when stalking their prey. In a domestic setting, cats demonstrate problem-solving abilities when navigating obstacles, finding hiding spots, and even manipulating objects to access food or toys. So, both of them have different positive traits and different types of intelligence. But it could be that dogs, with their ability to learn and obey commands, are just a tad bit smarter.

Guinness World Records Reviews Bobi’s 'World's Oldest Dog' Title

A Portuguese dog named Bobi made news last year when Guinness World Records crowned him as the world’s oldest dog. Bobi was 31 years and 165 days old when he died at his home last October.However, Guinness World Records has now suspended Bobi’s title after complaints made by veterinarians and professionals questioning the legitimacy of his age.Bobi, who was a purebred Rafeiro do Alentejo, was also declared the world’s oldest dog ever, breaking a nearly century-old record held by an Australian cattle dog, named Bluey, who died in 1939 at the age of 29 years and 5 months. The average life expectancy of a purebred Rafeiro do Alentejo is 12 to 14 years.A spokesperson for the Guinness World Records explained that the review into Bobi’s record is ongoing and it includes looking over the evidence again, looking for new evidence, and talking to experts and all those linked to the original application. “While our review is ongoing we have decided to temporarily pause both the record titles for oldest dog living and (oldest dog) ever just until all of our findings are in place and have been communicated,” said the spokesperson, according to CBS News.Several skeptics pointed out that Bobi’s feet appear to be of different color in photos of him as a puppy and in recent pictures of him in his old age. A Lisbon vet, Miguel Figuereido said last year that Bobi doesn’t really look like a very old dog with mobility problems and an old dog muscle mass. Additionally, an investigation by Wired discovered that Bobi had been formally registered on Portugal’s pet database in July 2022. Leonel Costa, the dog’s owner, registered Bobi as being born in 1992, but there hasn’t been any proof, other than the owner’s word. According to Portuguese law, dogs born before 2008 didn’t have to be registered until October 2020. The Portuguese database for dogs, cats, and other pets also told Wired that they weren’t contacted by Guinness World Records to verify the information. Many other veterinarians and canine experts have questioned Bobi’s true age in correspondence to the Guinness World Records. A veterinarian and council member of the Royal Colledge of Veterinary Surgeons, Danny Chambers, told the Guardian, “Not a single one of my veterinary colleagues believe Bobi was actually 31 years old.”Guinness World Records insists that the suspension is temporary while the review is ongoing.Bobi spent his whole life living with the Costa family in the village of Conqueiros, in Portugal. The pooch, who was allegedly born on May 11, 1992, escaped death in his first days of life. Bobi, along with three other puppies, was born in a woodshed belonging to the Costa family. But, because they already owned many animals, the parents decided to get rid of the newborn puppies.One puppy - Bobi - was unintentionally left behind and discovered days later. Bobi’s owner, Leonel Costa, who was eight, and his sister persuaded their parents to keep the pup, and so he remained living with the family.Leonel Costa defended Bobi’s title saying that “an elite within the veterinary world…tried to give people an idea that Bobi’s life story was not true.”Costa believes this happened because he attributed Bobi’s longevity to a varied diet of human foods, rather than pet food. He said this goes against the recommendations of many veterinarians. “Everything would be different if we had said he (Bobi) ate pet food for three decades,” said Costa, adding that they’d provided everything Guinness World Records requested to validate Bobi’s age. Bobi has never been chained up or put on a leash and used to roam the woods around the village until he got too old to move much. He spent his golden years lounging in the yard with the family cats. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Pet Obesity Study Shows Promise and Surprising Links With Humans

If you thought that your chubby doggo is incredibly cute, you might want to consider what’s hiding behind that adorable exterior.  Pet obesity is a real thing, and it is a major health hazard that many dogs experience in their lifetime. And, sadly, a lot of it is connected to improper care and diet. To show us just how big of a problem it has become, the latest study from the  Association for Pet Obesity Prevention revealed that in the U.S. alone, around 59% of dogs and 61% of cats were overweight or obese! However, recently conducted research shows that there might be a way to battle the obesity pandemic – with certain strains of probiotics that can help curb pet obesity, especially when dogs are in question. A research team from Seoul National University's Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, conducted a study investigating the effects of probiotics on canine obesity. They discovered two strains that appeared to have weight-reducing properties in obese dogs. To assess the probiotic potential of these strains, the researchers employed a lifespan analysis using Caenorhabditis elegans, a genetic model known for its simplicity in genetic manipulation and shorter lifespan compared to other animal models. Their findings were detailed in a  paper published in the Microbiology Spectrum journal.Thanks to the positive outcome of this research, a new hope was discovered for doggos struggling with excess weight. The use of Caenorhabditis Elegans offers “interventions aimed at enhancing metabolic health in various mammals”, according to the research team. What is more, the effects could be applied to cats, humans, and other mammals, since C. Elegans “serves as a human homolog model”. In general, this whole study could prove to be beneficial to several animal species, as well as humans, making its significance multifold. However, the exact way that bacteria affects weight is not entirely understood. Even though some studies show that certain strains will slow weight gain, researchers were still unable to find a connection between bacteria and weight.Nevertheless, the study is proving to be a major leap forward when pet obesity is considered. There is plenty of potential in this study, and further efforts could change the way dog obesity is experienced – or possibly even root it out for good! 

Can I Muzzle My Dog to Stop Barking?

Final Thoughts - Can I Muzzle My Dog to Stop Barking?Excessive barking can be frustrating and, if left unaddressed, can put you, as the owner, in a difficult situation. In some places, this can lead to fines or even eviction due to noise complaints. Unfortunately, the process of training a dog to stop barking isn’t one that is usually solved overnight – but it can be done! While you might have seen it recommended to use an “anti-bark” muzzle to stop your dog’s barking, it is not recommended for anything more than a 10 to 15-minute quick fix. Not only does it not teach your dog not to bark in the future, but the muzzle's design could create a dangerous situation. Instead, start by identifying the cause. Is your dog overly excited? Is there a trigger that makes them feel fearful and stressed? Are they trying to protect you when someone walks onto your property? Knowing the trigger will help you not only stop it but also manage your dog’s barking in the short term. If you feel overwhelmed, don’t hesitate to contact a professional trainer or certified behaviorist to offer guidance and direction. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Is Dog Food Bad for Cats?

In households where cats and dogs coexist together, you can bet that furballs will “share” everything. Sofas, lounging chairs, cozy spots, beds, toys – you name it. Well, sure, not all of it is sharing in the real sense of the word, as it is more of your cat just claiming all of it for itself. That’s just how cats are. But hey, no harm in your cat and dog sharing a bed or a lounging spot. However, what would happen if your cat happened to “share” your dog’s food? Can dog food be bad for cats? Here’s what you should know if your feline is keen on nibbling your dog’s kibble.Is Dog Food Bad for Cats?Cats and dogs are different – it doesn’t take much thinking to figure that out. Not only in their behavioral traits but in their nutritional needs as well. And since their nutritional requirements differ, dog food will generally not be adequate for cats. While dog food is not toxic to cats, it does not have all the nutrients necessary for cats, and it is not formulated in the same way. Cats need specific nutrients like taurine, arachidonic acid, and certain vitamins that are not present in sufficient amounts in dog food. For example, dogs can survive with lower levels of Vitamin A and proteins, while cats cannot. And even if your cat somehow enjoys dog food and prefers to munch on it at feeding time, it is ultimately not good for her. In fact, feeding cats dog food over a long period can lead to nutritional deficiencies and health problems. It's essential to feed cats a balanced diet formulated specifically for their needs to ensure they stay healthy. This includes plenty of protein (more than doggos), and amino acids like taurine and arginine. In fact, these amino acids are essential for cat health. Taurine is especially important for cats. Unlike dogs, cats cannot synthesize enough taurine in their bodies, so they must get it from their diet. Taurine deficiency can lead to serious health issues in cats, including heart problems and vision issues.Cats also require arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid found in animal tissues. Arachidonic acid is necessary for maintaining healthy skin, coat, and reproductive function. While dogs can synthesize arachidonic acid from other fats, cats cannot produce enough on their own and must obtain it from their diet. The same goes for Vitamins A and D. They are essential components of a cat diet, and cannot be found in dog food in adequate measures. 

Scientists Uncover Secrets of Extinct "Wooly Dog" Breed

Throughout history, dogs have played several key roles in the lives of people globally. They have hunted, worked, and provided for us, forever weaving them into the fabric of human existence. We often use this knowledge to better understand our modern dogs by reflecting on their original purpose as a breed. Unfortunately, not every breed continues to thrive among us today.The Coast Salish wooly dog was a unique breed, kept by the First Nations people throughout the Pacific Northwest, including Vancouver Island, for its fleece-like coat. A new study reveals insights into the history of the now-extinct breed.Unlike most animals at that time in history, the dog was kept in pens and longhouses. This was done to prevent the dogs from mixing with village and hunting dogs, preserving the breed and the fleece it provided.“They were sheared like sheep, and the wool was woven into blankets,” recounted Eliot White-Hill of the Snuneymuxw First Nation. “Blankets were like currency in our economy prior to contact and some of the most important things you could own and give away as gifts.”The dogs were fed a diet of fish and elk and were seen as beloved family members.“It’s not just a dog – it’s a relative. It has enormous spiritual power, conveyed in its wool,” explained Michael Pavel, an elder of the Skokomish-Twana tribe and one of the study's authors. “Imagine being able to receive the gift of wool fiber, being able to learn to weave that into yarn, into an entity, or a blanket or robe that you could wrap yourself in the coldest of winter and feel the warmth of those prayers. That’s how we look at it, and we can now enjoy a scientific view, as well.”Unfortunately, the breed did not survive colonization. It’s not clear exactly what caused the demise of the Coast Salish wooly dog – the introduction of European dog breeds, rules enforced on First Nations people during assimilation and displacement, or smallpox epidemics being a few of the hypothesized factors.But thanks to the preserved pelt of a wooly dog named Mutton, who died in 1859, researchers can now learn a little more about the unique DNA of the dog, its lineage, and insight into the breeding practices of local Indigenous communities.Researchers compared DNA from Mutton’s pelt to that of a separate non-wooly village dog that lived and died in the same region at approximately the same time.While the information gathered from the study did not offer any conclusive answers about the disappearance of the breed, it did hypothesize that the Indian Act of 1876 played a critical role as it would have directly impacted the ability of Indigenous women to pass on valuable knowledge about caring for the dogs and weaving necessary to its survival.On a positive note, the study did support historical facts shared by First Nations people in that area – a valuable piece of the puzzle as many work to reclaim the traditions of their ancestors.“It brought a large group of people together that reaffirmed for us the history we know,” stated Violet Elliott, also of the Snuneymuxw First Nation. “It was a gift of collaboration with other nations.”

A Dog is Adopted After 7 Years in Shelter After An Emotional Discovery

One pet shelter in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, has been the home of a darling rescue dog named Ella for 7 long years. But the long wait for a happy ending is finally over – as Ella was recently adopted, and under very special circumstances at that. The staff at  Bloomsburg Animal Resource Center have titled this “an extremely special adoption”, and advised readers that “they might want to grab a tissue real quick for this one”.Ella had been at the shelter for the last seven years, making her the center’s longest resident. But recently, things took a turn for the better, when Ella was spotted by Kaitlyn, a resident who quickly fell in love with the rescue pooch. When coming to the center, Kaitlyn said that her long-time furry friend, Jo, recently passed away, and now she was ready to meet a new dog.And as soon as the two met, the match was made. It was obvious that they were meant for each other. Ella quickly made everyone know that Kaitlyn was her “human”. Usually, it wasn’t so. Ella was a victim of abuse and had a long history of fear and aggression. It would take several visits for her to get relaxed around strangers. But with Kaitlyn, this was not the case. The bond was near-instant. “She immediately walked over to Kaitlyn with no hesitation, allowing her to give Ella scratches and pets right away,” the staff of the adoption center said.At the end of the adoption meeting, when Kaitlyn was about to leave, she suddenly noticed something that made her overwhelmingly emotional. What she spotted was the bandana that Ella was wearing around her neck. Her eyes welling with tears, Kaitlyn said to the staff that it was the exact bandana that belonged to her recently passed away dog, Jo. She said that after the passing, she donated all the bandanas to the center. “This bandana that Ella is wearing, it’s Jo’s. I donated them all here when he passed,” Kaitlyn said, quickly showing a picture of Jo wearing it. The symbolism and the connection were incredible. It was a sign that the two were meant to be together. When they realized what happened, the staff was moved to tears: “Out of the 20 dogs in our shelter right now, this bandana. This specific bandana. Jo’s bandana. It was on Ella.”Later, Kaitlyn said that the bandana is a sign: “I like to think of it as Jo’s stamp of approval.”And so it was, that after 7 long years of waiting, the kind and gentle Ella found her new forever home, and a human friend who would treat her right.“Every morning, Ella used to pop up off her bed and greet you at the door of her kennel right away,” the staff at the Animal Resource Center said. “We’ll miss that tomorrow, it’ll be such a bittersweet moment realizing that as we pause to reflect on a few of our favorites times with Ella — but my goodness the amount of pure happiness we will feel every day knowing Ella finally got what she deserved: ELLA GOT ADOPTED.”

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