Eels

by Amy Tokic

Published: November 12th, 2013

About Eels

Group

Freshwater

Size

Large

Temperament

Aggressive

Aquarium Size

Large (50+ gal)

Swimming Region

Bottom

Fish Water Condition

Varies depending on species

Suitable Tank Mates

Loaches, Plecos, Black Ghost Knifefish, Bichirs

Difficulty Of Care

Weekly care

Eels General description

Eels are one of the more fascinating species of fish in the aquarium trade. They are characterized by their long bodies and snake-like heads. Like catfish, most species of eels do not have scales. Their bodies are covered instead in soft, mucus covered skins. Eel are also unique in that they do not have separated dorsal and pelvic fins. Instead, their fins merge together with their tails to form a continuous fin ridge along their bodies.

Eels are one of the more fascinating species of fish in the aquarium trade.

Origins

Eel are found across the world in rivers, lakes and estuaries. Most species return to the ocean to spawn.

Color

Eel come in shades of brown, yellow, grey, silver and black.

Maintenance and care

While a relatively hardy species of fish able to survive in a wide array of aquarium conditions, eel aren’t recommended for beginner aquarists. For one, most species of aquarium eels can grow over 3 feet in length and require extremely large aquariums or outdoor ponds.

Most eel are bottom dwellers and prefer aquariums with soft substrate like sand, smooth gravel or peat. Many species even enjoy burrowing deep into the substrate and this should be taken into account when setting up the eel aquarium. Most species of eel are nocturnal and enjoy dimly lit aquariums with plenty of hiding places. Aquarists can use rocks and driftwood to create caves and hiding places in which the eels can hide in. Eel are however very active swimmers and also require large open swimming spaces.

Different species of eel vary in temperament and should be carefully researched before purchase. Some species of eel are extremely aggressive and are best in species aquariums. There are however relatively peaceful species of eels that can be kept with large, non-aggressive tank mates. Almost all eel are however opportunistic predators and will eat any fish that they can fit in their mouths.

Feeding

Eels are carnivorous and can be fed on a range of live and frozen foods like shrimp, small crustaceans, mosquito larvae, tubifex worms and bloodworms.

While a relatively hardy species of fish able to survive in a wide array of aquarium conditions, eels aren’t recommended for beginner aquarists.

Breeding

It is virtually unheard of for eels to breed in the home aquarium.

Aquarium varieties

Black spotted eel, Electric Eel, Fire Eel, Peacock Eel, Tire Track Eel, Zig Zag Eel, etc.

Photo credit: Llandor/Wikimedia; Adolsomee/Wikimedia

Amy Tokic

Amy Tokic, Editor of PetGuide.com, is a passionate animal lover and proud pet parent of Oscar, a Shih Tzu/Chihuahua cross, and Zed, a Japanese Chin. Her love of animals began in kindergarten, when she brought her stuffed dog Snoopy into class with her every day. Now, she writes about her adventures in pet ownership and tirelessly researches products, news and health related issues she can share with other animal enthusiasts. In her free time, Amy loves perusing used book and record stores, obsessing over the latest pet products available and chasing squirrels with wild abandon (a habit attributed to spending too much time with her pooches).

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Saltwater Eels

General description Eels are one of the most fascinating and one of the most demanding species of saltwater fish kept by aquarists. They are characterized by their long, snake like bodies and scale-less, mucus covered bodies. Unlike most other species of fish, eels do not have separated dorsal, anal and caudal fins. Instead their fins merge together to create a continuous fin ridge along their bodies. Most species of eel are nocturnal and highly predatory. And due to their aggressive temperament should only be kept by experienced aquarists. Eels are one of the most fascinating and one of the most demanding species of saltwater fish kept by aquarists. Origins Most species of saltwater eel originate from the Western Atlantic Ocean Color Saltwater eels come in an array of colors ranging from green, yellow, brown, grey and black. Maintenance and care

Bichirs

Bichirs General description Bichirs are a species of primitive freshwater fish. They are characterized by their long, eel-like bodies and unique dorsal finlets. These spiny finlets vary in number from 7- 18 and have double edged tips. The rest of the bichir fins are spineless and are made of soft rays. Their body is covered in thick, bone-like scales which along with its fleshy pectoral fins give it its prehistoric appearance. Most bichir are large in size and can reach up to 38 inches in length. There are a lot of unique traits this unusual fish breed boasts. Bichirs are capable of breathing surface air through a specialized swim bladder and can use their powerful pectoral fins to crawl over short distances over land. Owing to this, they will need a large aquarium with a lid, as they’re prone to slinking out of the tank. These freshwater fishes are imposing nocturnal carnivores, and as such, they will need to be housed properly. Choose their tankmates carefully and make sure that they’re only housed with compatible roommates- in other words, those fishes that won’t become their food or eat all of the food. Bichirs are certainly an impressive breed, with a distinct ancient appearance that appeals to many aquaristics enthusiasts. Their prehistoric looks also earned some of the varieties appropriate common names, such as the dinosaur eel, dinosaur Bichir, swamp dragon, or dragon fish. If you are looking for an unusual-looking addition to your freshwater tank and think Bichirs are a perfect choice, read on to see if this breed is compatible with your set up and its inhabitants. Bichirs are a species of primitive freshwater fish. They are characterized by their long, eel-like bodies and unique dorsal finlets. Origins All species of Bichir are native to tropical Africa and the Nile River system, extending their habitat to India as well. They live in muddy waters and hide in vegetation to hunt their prey. Experts claim that Polypteridae, which is the scientific name for this fish family, first appeared in the last period of the Mesozoic era. This means that these ray-finned fishes don’t only look archaic, but they actually are ancient- their family has been around for about 60 million years. In addition to their thriving populations in the wild, Bichirs are also bred in captivity and make a popular aquarium fish. Color If you want a flashy fish whose vibrant colors will brighten your tank’s interior, this freshwater fish breed is not for you. Bichirs are often dull colored in shades of brown, grey and black. There are some minor exceptions to this rule, though, with varieties such as Ornate Bichir. The black and yellow intricate patterning might not be as exotic as the colorful scales of Discus or Flowerhorn, but it is far more impressive than beige and grey tones of other Bichirs. Maintenance and care

Dartfish

Dartfish General description Dartfish are a family of small, extremely colorful saltwater fish. They are similar in appearance to gobies and are characterized by their long, eel-like bodies and split dorsal fins. Dartfishes are a fairly hardy species of fish and adapt quite readily to life in an aquarium. This makes them an excellent choice for most beginner and novice aquarists. They are also highly intelligent and have been a staple in the marine aquarium hobby for decades. Dartfish are a family of small, extremely colorful saltwater fish. Origins Dartfishes originate from the Indo-Pacific Ocean Color Most species of dartfish are vibrantly colored and come in dazzling shades of red, yellow, orange, blue, purple, green and black. Maintenance and care

The 5 Stimulating Spawning Methods of Fish

The spawning habits of aquarium fish are fascinating. When it comes to reproducing, fish fall into one of these five spawning types. Fish are one of the most versatile breeders in the animal kingdom. Through all of the different species of fish, several different spawning methods are used. It is truly amazing to see how fish have adapted to suit their individual water conditions to pass out their genes! Mouth brooders Mouth brooding is an egg incubating practice that is used by several different types of fish. It can be broken down further into paternal or maternal mouth brooders – whether the female or the male is the one who carries the eggs. Mouth brooding is exactly what it sounds like. The fish spawn, the eggs are released by the female, fertilized by the male, and then one or the other will pick them up and carry them in a special pouch in their chin area called a buccal cavity. The eggs will stay in the parent’s mouth until they hatch, and are developed enough to be released into the world. Some examples of paternal mouth brooding are wild type bettas and tilapia. Paternal mouth brooding is not as common as maternal mouth brooding. Maternal mouth brooders include fish such as African cichlids. Even rarer, some fish use bi-paternal mouth brooding, where both of the parents take some of the eggs. Related: The Ins and Outs of Shipping and Receiving Fish Bubble Nesters Fish who bubble nest typically live in low oxygen, low flow, calm, and even shallow waters with higher levels of humidity. They build a clump of bubbles by taking in air and blowing it out. The fish will spawn, place the eggs into the next, and then tend to the next until the fry hatch. Often times it is the male who guards the nest, but on occasion the female will also chase away intruders. The most well-known bubble nesters are bettas. Other bubble nesters include gourami, and even the electric eel. Egg Scatterers Egg scatterers release and fertilize their eggs externally. The female drops her eggs, the male fertilizes them, and they are carried off in the current. There is no parental protection for these eggs whatsoever, because they often are laid in fast moving waters. Wild fish that use this spawning technique often live in fast moving rivers and streams. To increase the survival rate hundreds of eggs are dropped at once and many males release milt to fertilize them. Because they are not protected, many are lost to predators and environmental factors, thus the large amount of eggs. Aquarium fish who are egg scatterers are koi, tetras, danios, goldfish, and barbs. Related: The True Tail Behind the Regal Tang Fish Egg Layers Egg layers do just that. Sticky eggs are laid on a surface and the male swims by and fertilizes them. The parents will often guard these eggs from predators. Common fish that lay eggs are angelfish, dwarf cichlids, rainbowfish, and killifish. Live bearers Live bearers are some of the most common fish kept in the aquarium because of the ease of breeding. Males fertilize through internal means, like mammals. The female the carries the fry, and when the time comes, she releases, or drops, live fry. Common members of this spawning type are guppies, mollies, platys, swordtails, and some half beak species. They usually do not have as many young as an egg layer would because the fry grow and develop inside. As you can see, fish are versatile in their spawning and fry raising practices. Because of the drastic differences in water ways, from puddles to ponds, rivers, streams, and even the aquarium, fish have evolved and adapted to ensure that their fry have the best chance of survival possible.

Blennies

Blennies General description Blennies are a species of marine fish made up of 6 distinct families. They are characteristically small in size and are somewhat similar to gobies in appearance. Blenny fish have long, eel-like bodies and large eyes and heads. They are a reclusive but hardy species making them excellent choices for beginner aquarists. Blennies are a species of marine fish made up of 6 distinct families. Origins Blenny fish originate in the tropical regions of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Color Blennies are vibrantly colored fish and come in shades of red, yellow, orange, blue, purple, brown, grey, black and white. Maintenance and care

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Non-alcoholic brews mean your best buddy gets to pop a tab and chill out with his fave human.

Do Hypoallergenic Dogs Really Exist?

There has been a recent surge in dog lovers and prospective dog parents interested in hypoallergenic pups. The allure of a hypoallergenic dog is undeniable for those who may feel limited due to allergies. But does the perfect allergy-free pet truly exist?While there is no such thing as a completely hypoallergenic dog, certain breeds are less likely to trigger allergic reactions. This could open the door for pet allergy sufferers to add a furry companion to the family. This guide will explore the reality of hypoallergenic dogs and help you choose the dog that best suits the needs and sensitivities of your family.What is a “Hypoallergenic Dog?”Let’s start with the basics: what exactly is a hypoallergenic dog? Contrary to popular belief, the term hypoallergenic, when applied to a product or item, does not mean that it absolutely cannot cause an allergic reaction. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, “hypoallergenic” is defined as “having little likelihood of causing an allergic response.”These are dog breeds that are less likely to cause problems for allergy sufferers due to various physical characteristics. For example, the breed may be low shedding, have shorter coats (or be considered hairless), or the coat type naturally catches and traps allergens like loose hair and dander, controlling its spread around your home.While these qualities make it more likely that these dogs could co-exist peacefully with an allergic family member, it is important to note that they are not 100% free from allergens.Which Dogs are Considered to be HypoallergenicDeciding which dogs are considered to be hypoallergenic is a bit of a grey area. Some breeds will make the list when speaking with one expert, and not the list shared by the next. This can make it difficult to determine if a dog you are considering will be a good fit for your home.Even if the dog breed you are considering is well-known for their hypoallergenic coats, I recommend having a conversation with the breeder, the shelter/rescue you are adopting from, and your doctor (or allergist) to prepare yourself to take precautions and minimize any risk. Individual dogs may have unique grooming needs or considerations even within a breed.Here is a list of breeds commonly referred to as hypoallergenic: Affenpinscher Afghan Hound American Hairless TerrierBarbado da Terceira Barbet Bedlington Terrier Bichon Frise Bolognese Chinese Crested Coton de Tulear Irish Water Spaniel Kerry Blue Terrier Lagotto Romagnolo Lowchen Maltese Peruvian Inca Orchid Poodle (Toy, Miniature, Standard) Portuguese Water DogRussian Tsvetnaya BolonkaSchnauzer ( Miniature, Standard, Giant) Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier Xoloitzcuintli Yorkshire TerrierWhat about mixed-breed dogs? With the current buzz surrounding poodle mixes like Golden Doodles, Bernedoodles, Labradoodles, and more, many interested in finding a hypoallergenic companion have been told they are the perfect option. The truth is that no one can give you an honest and definite answer that can be applied to all dogs of a specific mix.While “doodle” dogs do have poodles in their genes, it can’t be guaranteed that the hypoallergenic qualities of a poodle coat will be present in every puppy. For example, a Golden Doodle (Golden Retriever/Poodle) could be born with a hypoallergenic poodle-like coat or a coat that resembles the Golden Retriever more. If you live with allergies, you know that Golden Retrievers are definitely not a hypoallergenic option.This isn’t to say that mixed breeds won’t be hypoallergenic. However, you need to consider each dog's physical attributes individually instead of making an assumption based on their breed makeup. Dog Breeds Commonly Mislabeled as HypoallergenicOf course, while people generally mean well when making recommendations of the best dog for people with allergies, mistakes are going to be made. Some dog breeds are often recommended that shouldn’t be given this label.As we just discussed, the first group of dogs that should be mentioned here are mixed-breed dogs. While mixed breeds can be born with the hypoallergenic characteristics of a parent, there is no guarantee that the puppies will inherit those physical traits. Many families have adopted poodle mixes with the promise of purchasing a hypoallergenic dog, only to find their new beloved family member is badly triggering allergies in the home.Dog breeds often mistaken for hypoallergenic may share traits or commonalities with dogs on the previous list. However, they have other characteristics that contribute to allergic reactions in those around them. For example, a dog could have a very short coat but produce larger amounts of dander, a common dog-related allergen.Purebreds that are often mistaken or mislabeled as hypoallergenic include: Basset Hound Boxer Doberman Pinscher Labrador Retriever Pug Shih TzuIf in doubt, speak with the breeder or rescue worker about your needs. A reputable breeder will be knowledgeable about the breed they produce and committed to only placing their dogs in homes that are an ideal fit. Shelter and rescue workers are dedicated to finding the best home for the dogs in their care. Even if the dog you’re considering adopting isn’t a good fit, they will likely have recommendations for others you should consider.

Study Finds That Dogs Can Have Upsetting Reactions to Humans Crying

There is no dog owner out there who hasn’t wondered at one point in time: “Can my dog understand my emotions?” While this question has been around for ages, the latest scientific studies reveal that your pet dog can get stressed out when you are sad and cry.The study included both dogs and pet pigs, both of whom were discovered to be able to tell the difference between humans humming and vocally crying. The dogs especially were seen to get more stressed out by the crying, more so than the pigs, according to a new scientific paper in the journal Animal Behavior.This is a breakthrough study, indicating that during the early domestication process, dogs evolved specifically to have a greater understanding of human emotions. Previously, it was also found that dogs were capable of something called “emotional contagion”, meaning that they align their emotional states with that of their owners. "We were curious whether the emotional contagion observed between dogs and humans was related to the well-conserved acoustic structure of some emotional vocalizations across species, or if it was promoted by the dogs' specific selection for cooperation and dependency on humans," study author Fanni Lehoczki, an animal behavior researcher at Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary, said in a statement.To investigate if the stress responses were universal across intelligent pet animals or specific to just domesticated dogs, the research team compared the reactions of both companion pigs and pet dogs to the sounds of humans either humming or crying. The humming sounds were non-negative but still strange sounds while crying was distinctly emotionally negative."For collecting this data we used a so-called 'citizen science approach'," co-author Paula Pérez Fraga, also a researcher at Eötvös Loránd University, added. "The animals were tested remotely at their homes by their owners, facilitating the inclusion of more subjects in the study from various locations worldwide."Interestingly, it was revealed that the pigs were much more stressed when hearing the humming, while dogs reacted stressed to the sound of humans crying."Our study revealed a remarkable difference between dogs' and pigs' reactions to human sounds: dogs exhibited more stress responses and vocalizations to the crying, whereas pigs exhibited fewer stress responses and vocalizations to the crying," it was announced in the study. "To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the behavioral reactions to human emotional vocalizations of two social domestic species kept as companion animals."The reason for this could be that dogs were domesticated over thousands of years, and there was a strong “selection pressure” for them to cooperate with humans and understand their emotions. And the fact that the dogs were stressed by the sounds of humans crying, definitely indicates that they have the so-called “emotional contagion” from humans. "While we cannot exclude that pigs also experienced emotional contagion when listening to human crying, one explanation for their reaction might be that humming is highly unusual and surprising sounds stress out pigs more than human sadness. On the other hand, one thing is clear, dogs seem to be specially keen on catching the emotional content of differently valenced human vocalizations, even of the more unusual ones," Pérez Fraga added. "Therefore, selection for cooperation with humans might be key in promoting human-sound induced emotional contagion in domestic animals. However, to confirm this suggestion further research is needed involving physiological measurements."

Why Do My Betta Fish’s Fins Look Ripped?

Have you noticed a ragged or torn fin on your betta fish? Don’t panic! Ripped fins often look bad, but they are a common struggle betta fish keepers face.This guide will explore the potential causes of betta fin damage, from environmental stress to rough tank mates. I’ll also share treatment options to help your betta look and feel great again and preventative measures to reduce the risk of future problems.Why Do My Betta Fish’s Fins Look Torn?There are several reasons you may notice damage to a betta fish’s fins, all of which require your prompt attention. An actual tear, split, or bite is the result of a physical injury. However, one other condition is often confused with a tear – fin rot.This condition results from poor water quality and excess stress levels, weakening the fish’s immune system. It’s commonly seen in bettas that are adopted from a pet store setting due to the small containers they are kept in and the overstimulating environment. The most significant visual difference between fin rot and a torn fin is the presence of black, brown, red, or white edges to the fin. You may also see small fuzzy growths or white spots on the fin.If you suspect your fish is suffering from fin rot, you will need to act quickly, as the condition becomes more difficult to treat the more it progresses. This includes quarantining the fish if they are in a community tank, cleaning the tank to prevent further problems, careful maintenance of the hospital tank, and the use of medication for more severe cases.4 Common Causes of Torn FinsFin damage or tears result from physical damage. However, this damage could have occurred from several different causes. The first step in helping your betta recover is to identify what happened. Here are a few of the most common causes of torn fins in betta fish:Tank DecorationsTake a moment to look at the decorations in your betta’s tank or aquarium. Run your fingers along the edge and feel for sharp or rough surfaces. Items like fake plants, decorative sculptures, rocks, and driftwood can snag your fish’s delicate fins as they brush against it while swimming past. Additionally, other tank features like heaters and thermometers may develop sharp edges if they are older and have suffered some wear and tear.Rough Tank MatesBettas are commonly known as aggressors but aren’t the only fish species that can get rough with others. Occasionally, even species known to be gentle community fish can bully others in the same aquarium. In these situations, the damage results from the aggressor biting your betta’s fins.There are several reasons why your fish may become aggressive towards one another, including:Poor water conditions causing stressLack of space for the number of fishFood availabilityTerritorial behaviorsIllness or diseaseThe behavior may also result from pairing your betta fish with incompatible tank mates. Not all fish species can live together peacefully.Improper Water ConditionsBetta fish can become stressed quickly from changes to their water conditions, lowering their immune systems and putting them at risk of damage to their fins. This is the result of stress caused by their environment. Check the conditions of your aquarium, including lighting, temperature, and pH balance.Something as simple as allowing the water temperature to drop too low can trigger damaging behaviors. When experiencing cold temperatures, for example, betta fish will often try to burrow into the aquarium gravel as a survival mechanism. The gravel can easily damage their fins during this process.BoredomWe have all seen the small, decorative fish tanks often marketed to betta fish. While these can be found on the shelves of almost every big box pet store, they aren’t suitable for proper betta fish care. If this is the first time you are hearing this, don’t blame yourself – there is a lack of education in the pet space relating to a betta’s needs. You purchased a product marketed specifically for betta fish, which is a well-meaning decision.Unfortunately, these little tanks lack the space needed for your betta to swim around comfortably, leading to boredom and increased stress. As your betta struggles with this feeling of boredom, they may start to bite and damage their fins.Will Torn Betta Fins Grow Back?Yes! If your betta’s fin damage is the result of a tear or bite (not fin rot), it can heal. But first, you will need to identify the cause of the damage and make changes to the aquarium to prevent it from happening again.

Some NY Hospitals Permit ESAs to Visit Their Owners After They Give

Some hospitals in New York are allowing patients’ dogs to be present and offer support to their owners after they give birth. The Northwell Health hospitals, which are the largest health system in New York, allow pregnant women to bring their emotional support dogs to the postpartum unit. Lisa Schavrein, the nurse navigator in OBGYN at Northwell Lenox Hill Hospital who helps arrange these visits, told the People: “We have a 40-week lead time before our patients walk through the door. So there should be nothing about you that we’re not prepared for. Anything that requires an extra level of care comes through me.”This gives pregnant women with anxiety or depression an opportunity to have their emotional support dog present for one of the most important moments in their lives. “Having a baby at baseline causes anxiety with or without a pre-existing condition, so if you use an emotional support animal to calm you and you want them to help, to me it’s a no-brainer,” said Schavrein. Patients interested in bringing their emotional support dog into a postpartum unit must follow some rules, though. Women planning to give birth at the Lenox Hill Hospital must provide their dog’s emotional support paperwork before their due date so the nurse navigator can arrange everything. This usually involves notifying the hospital’s security team and staff in advance so that they are prepared for the arrival of the emotional support animal.Additionally, to come into the hospital, the emotional support dog must be hypoallergenic so it won’t affect other patients. A patient’s family member or a friend must be present while the dog is staying in the hospital, so there is someone to take the pup out for bathroom breaks. Emotional support animals aren’t allowed in the hospital labor and delivery units to ensure the safety of all patients and the staff. Instead, the dog is taken straight to visit their owner in the postpartum unit. “It’s a huge comfort to them,” said Schavrein. “Some people don’t even end up having their animals come. They are just comforted to know that they can bring their emotional support animal if they need it.”Natalie Reyes Bursky and her husband, Ryan Bursky, experienced first-hand how much comfort an emotional support dog can offer in this situation. Natalie gave birth at the Lenox Hill Hospital in 2023 and had her emotional support dog Magita, visit her at the postpartum unit shortly after delivery.Natalie had Magita long before she got married and became pregnant. The two crossed paths in 2011 in Chile, while Magita was just a puppy. Three years later Magita become Natali’s emotional support animal. Natalie, who struggled with depression and anxiety for years, finds Magita’s calm demeanor soothing and that’s one of the reasons she brings her pooch with her everywhere. So, when Natalie and Ryan learned that Magita could visit them at the Lenox Hill Hospital postpartum unit, they jumped at the opportunity to arrange their dog’s visit with Schavrein.The couple was sure that Magita’s presence would provide comfort and stability to Natalie in the hours after birth, especially since Magita was trained to be a hospital therapy dog. However, they couldn’t imagine how vital the dog’s presence would be.After experiencing a very sudden and intense labor, Natalie was extremely grateful for Magia’s ability to bring a sense of serenity and comfort. “I didn’t have my baby at that point. He was in the NICU. I couldn’t move or get up, but my dog was there and she provided comfort,” said Natalie. “It was incredible. She got to lie on a blanket right next to me.” “I would recommend this for somebody who has struggled with their mental health, especially as it's becoming less stigmatized to talk openly about mental health. It meant the world to me to be able to have Magita there,” added Natalie. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

According to ASPCA, These Are The Top 10 Pet Toxins of 2023

No matter how careful you are, accidents happen – this is particularly true when it comes to pet  poisoning cases. Not only that cats and dogs have some uncanny ability to get into stuff that they’re not supposed to get into, but you also can’t always know what things could be a potential toxin to them. And believe us when we say, there are a lot of potential pet toxins in an average household!The annual report by the  ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC)  only goes to prove this. Each year, they examine all the compiled data to determine which are the most commonly encountered pet toxins each year. It helps keep owners aware of the threats, and to keep vets always one step ahead. In 2023, the APCC was extra busy, having received hundreds of thousands of calls about items and substances that pets were exposed to. Incredibly, these substances totaled over 351,000!Even though they were contacted about such an imposing number of potentially hazardous substances, they managed to narrow down the most common culprits and compile the list of top 10 pet toxins in 2023, which will serve as a great reminder of what to look out for.Over-the-counter medications, including cold and flu medicines, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and vitamins and supplements. With 16.8% exposure, these medications are the number one threat in 2023. Almost every home has some sort of medications stored, and they aren’t always expertly hidden. Accidentally, pets can discover them and suffer many dire consequences if they ingest them. Human food and drink are almost equally as dangerous, with 16.2% reported calls. A lot of what we consume daily is toxic to pets. This can range from common items such as raisins, onions, garlic, grapes, or sweets, to more rare items such as protein drinks and bars, xylitol gums, and energy drinks. If your pet gets their paws on any of these, it can end up in an emergency vet visit. Prescription medications for humans are very dangerous to pets, and many reports were made in regard to inhalers, ADHD medications, heart medications, and similar. Prescription medications are often strong drugs and definitely not meant for pets.Chocolate is the number 4 threat for 2023. A staggering 13% of calls were related to this sweet. Dogs are mostly found consuming it as cats do not have sweet taste buds or the appetite of dogs. Still, chocolate is not meant for pets and can cause many side effects.Veterinary products are at number 5 with 8.3% reported exposures. Callers reported ingestion of chewable tablets or soft chews, many of them used for calming pets. Owners are urged to keep medicines locked away, as pets can like their sweet taste and go after them when you are not looking. Plants and fungi accounted for 8.1% of exposures. Dogs are inquisitive and can find these plants on their outdoor adventures. But many plants can cause a threat to dogs, so make sure to acquaint yourself with a list of toxic plants to look out for.Household products are also on this list, with 7.1% of exposures reported. Pets consumed various dangerous items, such as deoxidizer packets, batteries, and various miscellanea lying around the house. Be aware of what’s lying around that’s easy to reach.Rodenticides are a major threat to pets. People can use poisons to get rid of pests, but our pets don’t know that. If they ingest them, it can be extremely dangerous, leading to kidney failure, bleeding, and even death. When you are out on walks, always be careful what is lying around. Insecticides are almost the same. People use bug sprays, ant baits, and poisonous powders all over the place. Always make sure that the area you are in is free from anything that can be a threat to your pet. Recreational drugs are last but not least. With substances such as marijuana becoming increasingly legal, pets can come in contact with them as well. But there are also hallucinogenic substances such as mushrooms, especially psilocybin, and muscarine, which can be very harmful to pets. 

Unlock Your Pup’s Heritage: Embark Vet's Summer Sale is Here!

Hey fellow dog lovers! 🐾Is there anything more heartwarming than watching our furry friends playfully bounding around, tongues lolling and tails wagging?As proud dog parents, we're often fascinated by our pups' heritage and health.That's why it's so exciting to introduce you to Embark, the company that offers the most accurate dog DNA test on the market.

How Do I Travel with a Small Animal or Reptile?

Whether you’re planning an epic road trip, a family vacation, or simply need to transport your pet for a vet appointment, traveling with a pet always requires careful planning and preparation. Many guides are available, sharing tips and tricks for traveling with dogs and cats, but what about the many other pets we share our hearts and homes with?From choosing the right carrier to ensuring your pet is safe and comfortable throughout your adventure, we’ve thought of it all. This guide will provide essential tips for stress-free travel with your small animal or reptile.Do Reptiles or Small Animals Like Traveling? Before planning your big adventure with your pet by your side, take a moment to ask yourself an important question – will your pet be comfortable traveling? The answer to this is going to vary from pet to pet. While some are comfortable in new environments or around people they don’t know, others will find this experience incredibly stressful. Excess stress can harm your pet’s health and well-being. It has been associated with a weakened immune system, gastrointestinal problems, an increased risk of heart disease, and skin issues. It’s also considered the root cause of many common behavioral problems. If you know that traveling will likely trigger stress or anxiety in your pet, you may want to reconsider your plans. It may not be in their best interest to join you on your next vacation or getaway. Instead, find a reputable pet sitter to care for them while you’re gone in the comfort of their own home. However, there are also situations where this may be unavailable. For example, if you are moving to a new home, your pet will have to make the trip. You may not be able to eliminate all stress, but you can focus on making the situation as comfortable as possible with the following tips and tricks. What is the Best Way to Transport a Reptile? We don’t often see reptiles traveling with their people, and this is for one clear reason – even when a reptile is being transported, the best way to do it is in a secure container that minimizes their outside exposure. Reptiles are far more sensitive to temperature changes than most other pets. Keeping them in a secure but well-ventilated container allows you to maintain as stable a temperature as possible throughout your travels. Before heading out, check the weather. Will you be navigating hot summer temperatures or the cold of winter? Prepare to address these problems in advance by using heat packs or insulating the container they will be traveling in. Introduce your reptile to the container days or even weeks before your trip. Start with very short periods in the container and work up over time, allowing them to get used to being there. This isn’t a quick process, but it will help to lower stress levels during your travels. If traveling with a snake, you can also use a breathable snake bag or secure pillowcase to help them feel safe and secure. What is the Best Way to Transport a Small Animal? The term “small animal” refers to a wide range of animals, each with their own needs. This can significantly impact the best way to travel with your pet. The smallest of our beloved pocket pets, like mice and hamsters, should be transported in a secure cage or carrier. The size and style of the carrier will depend on how you are traveling and the length of your trip. For example, a flight-approved carrier has strict rules you will need to consider. However, if you’re taking a road trip with your pet and have space in your vehicle, you could even transport your pet in a standard cage or habitat, like the Kaytee CritterTrail Simple Start Habitat. These small enclosures may not offer the recommended long-term living space, but they are a great option for traveling in style. Another small animal carrier that is highly recommended is the Kaytee Come Along Carrier. Pay careful attention to anything in the cage/carrier that could be knocked over or thrown around if you are forced to hit the brakes. Secure the carrier or cage where possible to keep it from being thrown in an accident. A sheet or blanket can be placed over the carrier to reduce outside stimuli and create a more comfortable environment, but be sure that proper ventilation is maintained. Consider adding something familiar, like a favorite toy or blanket when setting up the cage or carrier. For some pets, a piece of your clothing, like a t-shirt you have worn with your scent, is also comforting and can help reduce stress. Larger small animals, like rabbits or ferrets, may also be comfortable traveling in a backpack or carrier designed for cats or small dogs. Ensure they will be secure in the carrier with no risk of escape. Even well-behaved pets used to being carried around at home may panic in an unfamiliar situation and try to make a run for it. Harness training your pet before your travels will allow you to add another level of safety and security. Are Reptiles and Small Animals Allowed on Planes? Yes, but with limitations. Many airlines will allow reptiles and small animals to be transported by air. However, most require that these animals be secured in the cargo hold during the flight. You will need to check with the specific airline for requirements in terms of carrier size and other steps for security to avoid your pet escaping and being lost. Some airlines will allow specified small animals to travel in the cabin. For example, Frontier Airlines allows rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters to be “carried on flights within the United States for a one-way directional charge.” If you are traveling internationally, only cats and dogs are permitted in the cabin. Pet policies are constantly changing and evolving. To ensure your pet will be welcome on the plane with you, contact the airline you are considering flying with and ask for their most up-to-date rules and regulations to determine what pets are permitted and the carrier requirements.

How Do I Keep My Reptile from Overheating?

Reptiles are cold-blooded creatures, soaking up the sun to regulate their body temperature. But this doesn’t mean that they love ALL heat. As the temperatures climb outside, your reptile’s enclosure can quickly become dangerously hot, leading to serious health issues.This blog post will be your summer survival guide, packed with tips and tricks to keep your best friend cool and comfortable all summer long.What Happens if a Reptile Gets Too Hot?Overheating, or hyperthermia, occurs when a reptile's body heat rises dangerously high due to outside sources, and they are unable to adjust as necessary to bring it back down to a safe level.As cold-blooded animals, reptiles rely on outside influences for their temperature. If they are too cold, they seek heat. Likewise, if they are too hot, they seek a cooler area. However, if no cool space is available, their body temperature will continue to climb.Overheating can lead to dehydration, tissue/organ damage, or organ failure. Just as heatstroke can be fatal in dogs and cats, overheating can also be life-threatening for our reptile friends.What Temperature is Too Hot for Reptiles? Each reptile species has its own ideal temperature. For example, according to the Merck Veterinary Manual, the Greek tortoise thrives most in temperatures between 68 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit. However, the green iguana prefers warmer temperatures, between 84 and 91 degrees Fahrenheit. These temperatures reflect the reptile's typical natural environment.You will need to research the specific species to determine what temperatures are safe for your reptile and what are considered too hot. You can do this by looking up that information online, but ensure you only trust a reliable source. Another great way to find out your pet's ideal temperature is to speak with your exotic animal veterinarian. If you don’t already have a vet specializing in exotic animals like reptiles, this is the perfect opportunity to start your search. The Association of Reptile and Amphibian Veterinarians database is a great place to start!

Two Pet Food Recalls Spark Fear of Bacterial Infections

This week, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued two separate pet food recalls over fears of bacterial contamination that could cause health issues in pets and, in some cases, death.The first recall notice involves pet food for cats and dogs, and the second notice involves pet food for hedgehogs.A popular online pet food company, Viva Raw LLC of Hillsborough, North Carolina, has voluntarily recalled five of its cat and dog foods over the fears that the products may be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. According to an announcement on the FDA website, the recalled products include Viva Turkey for Dogs Ground, Viva Turkey for Dogs Chunked, Viva Turkey for Cats, Viva Pure Turkey, and Viva Beef & Turkey for Puppies. All of the recalled products were manufactured under Lot 21244. The products involved in the recall were packed in clear packaging and shipped as frozen, one-pound bricks. The expiration date wasn’t listed on any of the packaging. The recalled cat and dog food was distributed to customers in all 50 states, including the Columbia district. Listeria was discovered in the food after the FDA conducted sample testing on Viva Turkey for Dogs. All pet food products from the same lot should have been destroyed, but the company claims some items were ‘inadvertently released from the warehouse’ to customers. According to the FDA press release: “Viva Raw is notifying all customers who were shipped any Turkey or Beef & Turkey for Puppies products between May 16th and June 28th, 2024. No illnesses related to this lot have been reported to date.” Listeria monocytogenes is a bacteria that can cause Listeriosis in humans. Listeriosis is a serious infection that causes vomiting, fever, and diarrhea, among other symptoms. Pregnant women, young children, and old and sick people are at most risk of developing severe complications. In cats and dogs, this bacteria can cause diarrhea, anorexia, and fever. Some animals can also experience depression, miscarriage, and death.In addition to becoming sick, pets who consume the contaminated food can also become carriers, spreading listeria through their saliva and feces and infecting people and animals they come in contact with.In its notice, the FDA advises owners not to feed these contaminated products to pets. Also, you shouldn’t touch these products with your bare hands. Use gloves or paper towels to dump the product in a sealed bag and then disinfect all the surfaces that have come into contact with it.The second recall involves various lots of Sun Seed Vita Prima Hedgehog Food and Vitakraft Vita Smart Hedgehog Food. The Vitakraft Sun Seed Inc. of Wisconsin, Ohio, has voluntarily recalled some lots of various hedgehog foods, as they may be contaminated with Salmonella.According to the notice, the recalled products were distributed in many states, including Arizona, California, Georgia, Florida, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Massachusetts, Missouri, Minnesota, Nevada, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin.Salmonella is a bacteria that can cause serious infections in humans and animals. In humans, the most common symptoms of Salmonella are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramping. However, this bacteria can cause even more serious issues in people, including arthritis, endocarditis, arterial infections, and more. Pets suffering from a Salmonella infection can experience fever, diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Some infected animals don’t exhibit any symptoms, but can be carriers of Salmonella and spread it to other people and pets. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Missing Bird Reunited with Family with Nextdoor App

Losing a pet bird is especially devastating because it can be extremely difficult to find them and rescue them. But a good-hearted woman was able to use the Nextdoor app to reconnect a lost cockatiel with his family.

Sphynx Cats Have the Lowest Lifespan of All Domestic Cats, Study Finds

Looking for a new feline companion to take home? Before you start researching cat breeders or head to the local shelter, keep in mind that not all cats live to a ripe old age. Researchers from the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) and the National Chung Hsing University in Taiwan created life tables of the annual life expectancy of cats in the United Kingdom. Based on their findings, the hairless Sphynx cat has the lowest life expectancy of all cat breeds, living for only six and a half years, on average. The first-of-its-kind study of companion cat varieties was published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. The team of researchers created the very first “life tables” for different cat breeds, which predict the remaining life expectancy and probability of death. Life tables have been used in human public health for years, but have recently started being used for cats and dogs. “Understanding typical remaining lifespan can also support owners and veterinarians while making complex decisions about the best treatment option to protect a cat’s overall wellbeing,” said researchers. Although they look timeless, the Sphynx cat has a surprisingly low life expectancy of 6.7 years. Researchers noted that Sphynx cats are at an increased risk of several diseases that might be the leading cause of their shorter-than-average lifespan. For this study, researchers used data from 7,936 veterinary-registered cats in the United Kingdom that died between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021. Data showed that the average life expectancy for cats is 11.7 years. Interestingly, researchers discovered that female cats have a longer life expectancy (12.5 years) than male cats (11.2 years).The team also found that cats that haven’t been neutered have shorter lifespans. Cats with normal weight tend to have a longer lifespan than underweight or overweight felines. The study discovered that crossbred cats have a longer life expectancy than purebred cats. Crossbred felines have an average life expectancy of 11.9 years, while purebreds have an average lifespan of 10.4 years.Based on the data, Birman and Burmese cats have the longest life expectancy of all cat breeds, with kittens in their first year of life expected to live on average 14.4 years. Next were crossbred cats, which usually live around 11.9 years, followed by Siamese cats, with an average lifespan of 11.7 years. Using the available data, researchers calculated that Persian cats have an average lifespan of 10.9 years, followed by Ragdoll cats (10 years), Maine coon cats (9.7 years), Russian cats (9.7 years), British cats (9.6 years), and Bengal cats (8.5 years). The study also discovered that purebred cats have a 1.83 higher chance of dying before three years of age than crossbred cats. According to researchers, understanding these numbers is important because they offer an idea of what the future holds. “Essentially what we’re doing is we’re giving some level of statistical certainty, where previously it was just guesswork,” said Dr. Dan O’Neill, a co-author of the study from the Royal Veterinary College (RVC). This data can be important for prospective owners, vets, and rehoming organizations, and can also be helpful for people who may be evaluating the value of expensive and painful surgery or medication for their cat. “Essentially, this is now giving the power to the public. If somebody’s priority is they want a cat that is going to defer death for as long as possible, on average, we now have the evidence to say [get a] female and crossbred [cat].” Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Dog Who "Cried Endlessly" at Indiana Shelter Gets Adopted

Being in a shelter is extremely stressful for dogs. In most shelters, dogs spend a better part of their day alone, with little to do. The lives of shelter dogs are more stressful and frustrating than is normal and these pooches are often afraid, anxious, and sad.That’s exactly what happened to one Indiana shelter dog. After spending more than 260 days in the shelter, Major, who was once a jolly-ball-loving boy, started to sit in his kennel and cry endlessly. Major, a four-year-old pitbull mix, was brought to the Humane Society for Hamilton County as a stray. Although Major was brought as a stray, the shelter staff discovered he had a microchip. They promptly contacted the pup’s family, who said they would come to pick up their dog ASAP, but they never showed. According to a Facebook post shared by the Humane Society for Hamilton County, Major has become filled with stress and anxiety after spending night after night alone in his room. Although lonely, Major evenings were never quiet as he cried himself to sleep every night.In an attempt to find Major a loving home, the shelter shared a video of a sorrowful Major lying in his bed. The post went viral, giving the staff hope that Major would find a loving, forever home. And that’s exactly what happened! In an updated Facebook post, the shelter shared that Major has finally found a loving family and a forever home.“Today, we are overjoyed to share some MAJOR news with you: After capturing the hearts of people worldwide, Major has found his forever home! As he walked out the door with his new family, we couldn’t help but feel a major-sized hole in our hearts, but it’s quickly filled with happiness knowing that he’s found his perfect match.”The wonderful news reached hundreds of thousands of animal lovers worldwide who have been following Major’s story since the beginning.“To everyone who shared Major’s story, your support and kindness made all the difference. Because of you, Major’s tale reached far and wide, leading him straight to the loving arms of his new family. Thank you for being a part of Major’s journey and for helping us make miracles happen.” The shelter also reminded its followers that many other dogs are patiently waiting for their person and a forever home. The surge in unwanted cats and dogs and low adoption rates are fueling the nationwide shelter crisis. Many shelters, including the Humane Society for Hamilton County, are overflowing with pets and operating at maxed-out capacity. “Every single dog here has their own story,” the shelter added. “They might not all have gone viral, but they are all just as deserving of love, care and a safe space to call home. The shelter is a stressful environment for them and every day they wait for their turn. They have so much affection to give and are waiting for someone like you to change their world.” The shelter’s staff encourages anyone who applied to adopt Major to visit them and meet other adoptable dogs who are just as deserving of love and a place to call their own.“Major, we’ll miss your playful antics and wagging tail, but we know that your new family will cherish you just as much as we have. Farewell, sweet boy, and may your days be filled with endless love and happiness,” the shelter wrote.Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

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