5 Feline Skin Conditions You Should Know About

by Lisa Selvaggio

Published: March 26th, 2017

5 feline skin conditions you should know about

Have you noticed any changes in your cat’s skin and coat? These five common skin conditions can signal health problems in your kitty.

Your cat’s skin could tell you a lot about his overall health, so it’s important to take note if you see your kitty constantly licking, biting, or scratching himself in an attempt to get relief, or if you notice that your cat’s skin looks inflamed, has scabs, or has patches without fur.

Below are a few of the many skin diseases that can affect felines so you can recognize a problem as early on as possible and get your kitty the veterinary treatment he needs to get better.

Alopecia (Hair Loss)

While it’s normal for your kitty to shed some fur, it isn’t normal when he begins losing more hair than what’s normal for him, and it’s especially abnormal if he develops bald spots.

Alopecia, also known as hair loss, should be examined by a veterinarian, as it could be a symptom of illness, as well as a sign of poor nutrition, allergies, stress or anxiety, or parasites.

Flaky Skin

If you start noticing that your kitty has persistent dandruff, or flaky skin that’s appearing on his fur, it’s a good idea to have him examined by a vet to determine the cause. Some cats will end up getting dry and flaky skin during the winter, in particular, so knowing what’s normal for your pet is also helpful.

But if the dandruff doesn’t go away, it could be a sign that your cat isn’t grooming himself enough, that there is an underlying condition that needs to be treated, or that he isn’t getting adequate nutrition.

A diet change or supplementation with nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids may be all that’s needed, or your vet may recommend specialized shampoos or other remedies, depending upon the cause.

Bacterial Skin Infections

Bacterial skin infections can occur because of another skin problem. So, for example, if your kitty has feline acne, the hair follicles on his chin could become susceptible to infection, leading to folliculitis.

Symptoms of bacterial skin infections include itchiness, alopecia, lesions, crusted skin, pustules, and dried discharge.

The good news is that, should you notice any signs of bacterial skin infections, your vet will be able to provide you with antibiotics that will help clear the condition, and you’ll also be given the right guidance to address the underlying cause(s) of the bacterial infection so that a recurrence can be prevented.

Allergic Dermatitis

Allergic dermatitis could be the result of your kitty being allergic to anything from environmental irritants like pollen, to flea bites, food, or grooming products. Your vet will help you find the cause of your cat’s discomfort. For example, if your pet is always scratching his neck or head, he may be suffering with food allergies. If he’s always chewing on the base of his tail or on his paws, on the other hand, there might be other allergies to blame.

Allergic dermatitis could result in skin lesions or hair loss, and this could occur anywhere on your pet’s body, including his belly.

It may be difficult to determine the cause, but working with your vet could help, and the doctor can prescribe soothing remedies in the meantime. Once the culprit is found, avoiding exposure to the allergen(s) could prevent problems from recurring.

Ringworm

Ringworm is a fungus that can affect kitties, causing circular lesions, usually on the ears, forelimbs, and head. The skin surrounding the lesions is typically bald and flaky.

If you notice signs of ringworm on your cat, bring him to the vet right away, as this fungus is contagious and could spread to the people and pets in your family. Your vet will prescribe the treatment, which could include ointments, oral medications, and shampoos, to remove the fungus as soon as possible.

These are just a few of the many feline skin conditions that can occur. If you ever notice any changes in your cat’s skin and coat, have him examined by your vet to determine the cause and get the right treatment plan to bring your kitty’s skin back to a healthy state.

Lisa Selvaggio

Lisa Selvaggio is a freelance writer and editor, and our resident cats-pert, with certifications in pet nutrition and pet first aid. She enjoys producing content that helps people understand animals better so they can give their pets a safe and happy home.

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What You Should Know About Feline Pancreatitis

A serious condition that needs immediate attention from a veterinarian, know what to look for in case your cat suffers from pancreatitis. Pancreatitis occurs when a cat’s pancreas becomes inflamed. This organ plays a vital role in the digestion of foods through the production of enzymes. If the pancreas is inflamed, the enzymes can’t flow into the digestive tract freely, leading to disease. Pancreatitis needs to be treated promptly by a vet, so if you begin to notice any of its symptoms, it’s necessary to have your pet examined as soon as possible. What Happens When Pancreatitis Occurs? When the pancreas isn’t inflamed, the digestive enzymes that it produces don’t come into contact with pancreatic tissue. Instead, the enzymes remain inactive until they’ve moved into the small intestine. However, when these enzymes get to work too soon, when they are still within the pancreas, they could start eating away at the organ because it’s made up of protein, fat, and carbohydrate. This leads to pancreatitis, which can affect cats of all breeds and ages. Related: 5 Feline Skin Conditions You Should Know About What Are the Symptoms of Pancreatitis? Some of the common symptoms that are associated with pancreatitis include low body temperature, dehydration, anorexia, and lethargy. There typically is not any vomiting, and there typically is not any obvious indication of abdominal pain, but a cat will lie around not wanting to eat and feeling very lethargic. Cats may also be jaundiced or have excess abdominal fluid. If you have a cat who normally has a healthy appetite but suddenly doesn’t want to eat, even if it’s just for one day, you should contact your veterinarian, especially if there is lethargy and an unwillingness to start eating again within one or two days. Related: 3 Veterinary Tests That Every New Cat Should Get Because the symptoms of this disease are also symptoms associated with other feline conditions, a proper examination is necessary for the correct diagnosis. What Is the Treatment for Pancreatitis? Once your vet has thoroughly examined your cat and diagnosed his condition as pancreatitis, the proper treatment will need to be administered promptly. The vet may order fluid therapy, tube feeding, medications for nausea and vomiting if they’re present, plasma transfusions, antibiotics, and pain relief medications or corticosteroids. And if there is a blockage that’s causing the inflammation, or if there is severely damaged tissue or large accumulations of fluid, your vet may need to do surgery. What About Nutrition’s Impact on Pancreatitis? Many felines who have pancreatic illness will also have inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease, gastritis, enteritis, and colitis are a few examples of gastrointestinal issues that may be the result of food allergies that could occur from feeding your cat a commercial diet that contains allergenic ingredients without any natural enzymes. Also, feeding the same protein every day may result in an allergy to that protein source, and foods that contain a high number of carbohydrates might tax the pancreas by creating the need for higher levels of insulin. The pancreas is used to aid digestion, but when a cat’s gastrointestinal tract is inflamed, the organ has to work even harder to create enough digestive enzymes that the intestines can use. Feed cats a high quality, grain-free diet, and supplementing with digestive enzymes and probiotics to assist digestion. Are There Ways to Prevent Pancreatitis? Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic, and it can recur. Also, preventative measures may not guarantee that your kitty will never develop this type of inflammation. However, keeping your cat at a healthy weight is a good idea for many reasons, one of which is helping to prevent pancreatitis. Also, talk to your vet before giving medications to your pet, as some of them might increase inflammation and lead to pancreatitis. Being aware of what pancreatitis is will help you as a cat owner. If you notice symptoms associated with this disease, such as fever, loss of appetite, sluggishness, and vomiting, have your cat examined by a vet, as this condition could be fatal.

What You Should Know About Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease

When it comes to Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease, a small problem can turn serious quickly. Here’s what you need to know about this health risk. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease, also known to as FLUTD, refers to disorders of the urethra and bladder. Problems include difficulty urinating, painful urination, blood in the urine, urinating outside of the litter box, a partial or total blockage of the cat’s urethra, and frequent or abnormal urination. Thankfully, FLUTD is treatable, but it is important to get your cat to the vet as soon as you notice symptoms so that the condition doesn’t progress or become life-threatening. Related: Why is My Cat Peeing Outside the Litter Box? Symptoms to Watch For Knowing how to identify symptoms of FLUTD is your first step in being able to get your cat the care he needs right away. If you notice that your kitty starts exhibiting the following signs, make an appointment with your vet: Cloudy or bloody urineUnable to urinate or only able to pass a small amount of urineFrequent urination or trips to the litter boxCrying out in pain or straining to urinateSpending a longer amount of time in the litter box trying to urinateAn avoidance or fear of the litter box, resulting in urination outside of the boxLethargy, vomiting, or excessive licking of the urinary openingDistended, hard abdomen The Causes of Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease Both male and female cats can be affected by FLUTD, but male cats are more susceptible. Related: The Most Common Litter Box Mistakes You’re Making Causes include: Accumulation of debris, crystals, or stones in the urethra or bladderCongenital abnormalityUrethral plugBladder infection or inflammationStressEndocrine disorders like diabetes or hyperthyroidismInjury or tumor within the urinary tract Treatment Options Again, if your cat is exhibiting any of the symptoms above, it is important to take him to the vet as soon as possible. If there is a urinary blockage, the condition could become life-threatening, leading to kidney failure or rupturing of the bladder. Also, if your cat is obstructed, handle him with care and don’t press on his bladder. Instead, let the vet examine him thoroughly and carefully. Once your vet has diagnosed your cat with Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease, he will determine the appropriate treatment. Your vet might recommend using medications, such as antibiotics, and you may need to increase the amount of water your cat drinks, as well as change his diet. Other treatment options include urinary acidifiers and the expelling of stones through the urethra. If there is a urethral blockage in your male cat, a urinary catheter may be used, or he may need surgery. Surgery may also be recommended if there is a congenital abnormality or if there are large bladder stones or a tumor. Dietary Changes Depending upon the diagnosis and the types of stones or crystals that your cat suffers with, your vet may recommend some dietary changes to ensure the problem does not recur. Certain stones will create an acidic urine, while others will create a more alkaline urine, so your vet will help you modify your cat’s diet, perhaps by using prescription diet formulations, to bring the pH back into balance. If your cat has to deal with the persistent presence of urinary crystals that can cause blockages, your vet may also recommend feeding more wet foods and eliminating or reducing the feeding of dry foods. This is because moist foods help flush the bladder and urethra by increasing the volume of urine and diluting the concentration of chemical irritants, substances, and toxins that can create stones and inflammation. Maintaining the health of your kitty’s urinary tract is important, so definitely talk to your vet about what steps you can take to prevent problems before they occur. As an informed pet parent, you’ll be able to recognize the signs of problems right away and give your pet the best care for long-term wellness.

Here’s What You Should Know About Feline Pica

There’s nothing wrong if your cat likes to chew on some grass, but if she’s been eating some weird stuff, she may have Feline Pica. Feline pica is a condition that causes a cat to eat non-edible items, such as plastic, rubber bands, wool, and paper, as a few examples. As you can imagine, this isn’t only unnatural, but also potentially dangerous. Understanding pica and its causes, as well as its treatments, will help give you the tools necessary to stop your kitty from consuming things that he shouldn’t. Related: Why Do Cats Eat Grass? What Could Cause Feline Pica? There are several factors that may contribute to your kitty developing pica. These include: Nutritional deficiencies: An anemic kitty might eat his litter, and kitties who aren’t getting adequate nutrients from their diet might resort to eating a lot of plants. Also, some experts believe that if a cat isn’t getting enough fat or fiber through his diet, he may develop pica. Environmental conditions: A cat who is lonely and seeking attention, has experienced changes to his environment, or is bored might develop pica because he lacks environmental stimulation or he’s stressed by big changes. Medical conditions: Sometimes underlying medical problems are to blame for pica. These include feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), hyperthyroidism, feline leukemia virus (FeLV), brain tumors, dental disease, parasites, and diabetes. Genetics: Certain breeds, such as Oriental breeds, may be more prone to developing pica. What You Can Do If you notice that your pet has started chewing on and swallowing non-food items, a trip to the vet’s office could help you target the cause and get your kitty back on track. If there is an underlying medical condition or a behavioral disorder causing the pica, your vet will help you address it. Related: Top 5 Indoor Plants Poisonous To Cats Here are a few steps that you can take to discourage your kitty from eating things that he shouldn’t: Replace the objects that your kitty typically chews on with safe cat toys that he can chew on instead. In addition to keeping your cat away from dangerous items by eliminating his access to them, you can also try feline deterrents like Bitter Apple. And if you notice your kitty eating something he shouldn’t, you can immediately remove the object and redirect his attention to something positive. Enrich your pet’s environment with cat trees and a variety of toys, and spend more time interacting with your pet so that he won’t feel lonely, anxious, bored, or stressed. A combination of physical and mental stimulation could allow your cat to release energy in a positive way, and this might help discourage his pica habits. Talk to your vet or consult with a qualified feline nutritionist to determine the best ways to enhance your pet’s diet if the pica is due to a nutritional deficiency. If your vet has determined that your kitty isn’t suffering from a medical condition that’s causing the pica, and if your own strategies haven’t worked to stop your cat from eating non-edible items, consulting with a feline behaviorist might help. Never punish your kitty for exhibiting pica, as doing so could result in your cat becoming even more anxious and stressed. Also, because pica could lead to intestinal obstruction when a kitty eats something that his body is unable to pass, it’s important to keep an eye out for symptoms like listlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. If you notice these or other worrisome symptoms, consult with your veterinarian as soon as possible. Tackling Pica Is Possible Keep in mind that a cat exhibits pica when he develops a long-term habit of eating non-food items, so when it comes to stopping your kitty from eating things he shouldn’t, patience is key. Also remember that this is considered an obsessive-compulsive disorder, so in order to change your cat’s behavior, it’s recommend that you figure out the cause and work from there. Remain diligent and work closely with your veterinarian for the best results.

7 Common Cat Health Problems

Even the healthiest of cats can come down with an illness, and for the most part, it’s nothing to worry about. These are the most common cat health problems pet parents should know about. You don’t have to be a boy scout to live by the motto of “be prepared;” as a pet owner, it’s best to know what the most common cat illnesses and health problems are, so that you can spot the symptoms in your kitty. It can also help you schedule preventative care. Here are seven of the common cat health problems you’ll encounter: Vomiting Probably the most common health problem in cats is vomiting. My cat is incredibly prone to it; if her food bowl ever goes empty for more than 5 minutes, she will complain loudly until I fill it up. Then she will promptly eat too much, and vomit. If your cat vomits once because of a clear cut cause (overeating), then this isn’t something to worry about. If you cat vomits more than once though, call your vet; vomiting can quickly leave your cat dehydrated, and might be indicative of a more serious issue. Diarrhea This is another pretty common health problem that is usually a symptom of something larger. Have you recently changed your cat’s food? Has she been exposed to a new environment? If diarrhea lasts for more than a day, call your vet, since, like vomiting, it can leave your cat dehydrated. Related: 5 Feline Skin Conditions You Should Know About UTI Urinary Tract Infections are probably the most common cat illness. They occur in the bladder and the urethra (the tube leading from the bladder that carries the cat’s urine out of the system) and the most common symptom is blood in the urine. Although seeing red in your litter box is really shocking, a UTI is nothing to panic about. Take your cat to the vet immediately, but normal with prescribed medication and a change in your cat’s diet, the infection should cease within 10 days. Most vets will conduct urine analyses to monitor the presence of the virus, and if this happens more than once, your vet might recommend a special prescription diet and a low stress environment. Fleas Both indoor and outdoor cats can get fleas. They are uncomfortable, but easy to spot; if your cat is constantly scratching or licking, they probably have fleas. Fleas look like dirt on your cat’s skin. If you notice them, it’s best to call your vet to help you figure out what medication works best for you and your cat. Related: A Short Guide to Feline Eye Care Worms Tapeworms are the most common in cats, as they live inside the cat’s intestine. If you cat is losing weight rapidly, has diarrhea, or is vomiting for no reason, it would be best to check her bedding area. Usually tapeworms come out of your cat’s anus while she’s sleeping or relaxed, and as a result her bed is the best area to check. If her bed has some small white worms on it, which resemble rice, then she likely have worms. Call your vet to find out what deworming treatment works best for you; oral dewormer medication is always my go to. Cleanliness, flea control and keeping your cat indoors will help stop worms becoming a common occurrence in your house. Gingivitis Gingivitis, or inflamed gums, is a common feline dental issue. It’s caused by the same thing in humans and in cats; by plaque. The combination of the sticky bacterial film and food particles accumulating along the gum line irritates the gum and makes it hypersensitive. In the wild, when cats take apart their food, they interact enough with their whole mouth that this doesn’t happen. Indoor cats, however, often have this issue. Most vets recommend brushing your cat’s teeth to help with this, since gingivitis, left untreated, could lead tartar separating the gums from the teeth. Eye problems The last issue is eye problems. Unless you know what’s cause your cat’s eye problem (like allergies), you should call your vet. Eye problems should be considered an emergency, since they can be serious, so make an appointment as soon as possible.

Dogs Could Be Wagging Their Tails Because Ancient Humans Loved Rhythm

Doggos love to wag their tails and we love to see it. It is their way of expressing emotions, from unwavering joy and happiness to see you again after a long day at work to a shy greeting to a new face – there are many things a pooch can convey with a simple  tail wag. But have you ever wondered why they do it exactly? Why didn’t dogs evolve to, let’s say, use their ears for nonverbal communication with us? Researchers were wondering the exact same thing, and their latest studies could provide a key insight into why dogs started wagging their tails in the first place.Believe it or not, the origins of this action could potentially be traced to ancient humans who first domesticated dogs. And the study connects the human love of rhythm, with selective breeding and domestication!Dogs were first domesticated by humans sometime between 15,000 and 50,000 years ago. It was a long time ago when dogs first emerged from domesticated wolves and similar canines but some of their ancestral traits, like tail wagging, remain the same. And researchers could finally have an answer for this behavior.“We may not be able to take a time machine back to the beginning of the dog-human relationship, but we can look at dog behavior today in tandem with human behavior to try and understand what that domestication process looked like,” said Dr. Taylor Hersh from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands. “Tail wagging is a very apparent and interesting behavior to start with.”Of course, this is not the first such study, and in the past, many have questioned the wagging of tails. Previously, it was found that hand-reared dog pups will wag their tails far more often than hand-reared wolf pups, showing the clear difference between domesticated and wild animals. Likewise, it was discovered that dogs wag their tails to the right mostly in response to positive experiences, usually when seeing their owners. And they’d wag them to the left in potentially aggressive situations. And now, researchers linked this behavior to the ancient process of domestication. This means that dog tail wagging has developed because dogs have an inherent genetic link towards behaviors that humans want - like tameness and docility. “We put forth a new hypothesis that humans consciously or unconsciously selected for tail wagging during the domestication process because we are very attracted to rhythmic stimuli,” said Silvia Leonetti, another member of the team.Ancient humans had a very distinct attraction to rhythm and rhythmic actions, so there could be a very logical link here. Dr. Holly Root-Gutteridge, a dog researcher at the University of Lincoln, also proposed that tail wagging was developed during the long domestication process as an adaptation by the dogs, as humans likely found barking irritating. “We’re a highly visual species and may appreciate the rhythm, it’s an interesting thought that should be explored, though I’m not sure we’re really responding that much to it,” she said. What is more, she added that wolves too wag their tails in certain situations in the wild. “I suspect ancestral humans saw tail wags as a positive, easy to read sign in wolves, and developed it the way we talk with our hands – as a communicative gesture that we can easily understand.”

What Shapes Your Dog’s Personality? Harvard Neuroscientists Reveal

No two dogs are the same – each pooch has a personality of their own, complete with unique quirks and traits. But why is your dog the way they are? What shapes their personality and character? Why do they behave in a unique way, even when they belong to a certain breed with a distinct set of traits?This is the question that Erin Hecht, assistant professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard, is trying to answer. She is doing this through  The Canine Brains Project and recently held a  talk - centered on canine neuroscience - that was organized by Harvard’s Brain Science Initiative.According to Hecht, dogs have the potential to teach us so much about brain development, especially considering the fact that they were domesticated about 20,000 to 40,000 years before the present – which, on the evolutionary timeline, is quite recent. “Darwin saw dogs as a window on mechanisms of evolution,” Hecht said. “When we’re looking at dogs, as a natural experiment and brain behavior evolution all we have to do is look at their brains and see what evolution did in order to satisfy those selection requirements.”Hecht’s efforts were benefited by her lab, which performs MRI scans of dog brains – roughly 100 per year. They also conduct owner surveys that examine dogs’ work skills, especially those “ancient” ones, like hunting, guarding, herding, fetching, and so on. All this is then compared to breed parameters, like body size, skill size, and overall shape. “About 80 percent of the dogs living on the planet today are what’s known as village dogs. These are free-ranging animals that live as human commensals. So they’re living within human society, but they’re not pets,” Hecht said.Through such research, Hecht is hoping to determine what exactly shapes a dog’s personality. Through her lab work, she connects personality and skill differences in dogs to six special regions of their brains:-the regions controlling drive and reward -olfaction and taste-spatial navigation-social communication and coordination-fight or flight -and olfaction and vision“There has been very strong recent specific selection in individual breeds rather than founding effects in ancestral founding populations,” Hecht said. “So then we can look at behavior and ask whether the types of behaviors that different lineages have been selected for historically … [explain] each dog’s anatomy and these six brain networks. And it seems like there are some interesting relationships here.”But most importantly, it is concluded that these neural pathways are greatly impacted by the shape and size of a dog’s skull. “It stands to reason that if you’re manipulating the shape of a skull, you’re going to be manipulating the shape of the brain,” Hecht said. “But this confirms that dogs with these extreme skull morphotypes have impacts on their brain anatomy that likely affects behavior.”She also adds that even though some dogs have a brain “makeup” that suggests a unique disposition, it doesn’t “lock” them into a set behavior pattern. This is especially true for working skills. “Training is almost always necessary. I have yet to hear of any particular breed of working dog, where it’s just born knowing how to do its job,” Hecht said.So, a look “inside” your doggo’s brain might reveal why they are just the way they are. Would you be curious enough to let scientists take a peek?

Great Dane Sets the Largest Litter Record at North Carolina Rescue

A North Carolina dog gave birth to a litter of puppies and has set a record in the process. Earlier this month, Perfectly Imperfect Pups, a North Carolina foster-based rescue took in a pregnant Great Dane, named Meadow. Two days later, Meadow gave birth to 15 puppies. “It’s the largest litter we have ever seen,” said Nicole Kincaid, the rescue’s founder and director. “We could not believe it when we heard she had 15 puppies, and most of them male! We are so excited for their bright future!”Meadows litter is the largest the rescue has seen since it was founded three years ago. The PIP’s founder and director, Nicole Kincaid, shared that this is also the largest litter she has seen in her 13-year-long rescue career. According to Kincaid, Meadow’s litter is unique for another reason - most of the puppies in the litter are male. “Shockingly enough, we have 12 boys, which is a huge number of boys out of a litter.”PIPs share the news of the record-breaking litter in a Facebook post, writing, “Puppies, puppies, and more puppies! Mamma Meadow and her crew are doing great.”“We are shocked to find out how many puppies she actually had and that all have survived and are doing well,” said Kincaid, according to PEOPLE. “Before being taken in by the Perfectly Imperfect Pups, Meadow had an unsteady past. “She has been passed around to five homes, since giving birth to another litter in February. She was being given away on social media and we reached out, but unfortunately, they gave her away pregnant to someone else.”“Within two days they contacted us and asked if we could still take [Meadow], and of course, we were delighted to take her in,” Kincaid shared. “We got her to our vet the next day, and the day after, she started going into labor.”Meadow is just one of many dogs who had the misfortune of being bounced around from one home to the next. Kincaid shared that this wasn’t Meadow’s fault, saying, “People get a large breed dog, and they don’t realize what they are getting themselves into.”“We are delighted that this will be her final [litter], and her next home will be her forever home,” said Kincaid. “We will also make sure that all 15 puppies go to homes that are experienced with large breed dogs.”For now, Shari Willson, one of the Perfectly Imperfect Pups’ fosters is taking care of Meadow and her pups. The foster mom is supplement feeding the pups in between feedings to make sure all puppies are getting enough food. “Everyone’s gaining weight, everyone’s eating, they are all doing really well,” said Willson.Kincaid praised Meadow’s foster home, saying that her organization “is so proud of our foster parents. They take in dogs without knowing what the next few days or months could bring.”“Taking in a pregnant dog is even more of a challenge because you don’t always know when mom will give birth, how many puppies will be born, or what complications may come along,” she said.The rescue has already received applications and hundreds of messages about adopting Meadow or her puppies when they are old enough to go to their forever homes. All of PIP’s adopters sign a contract in which they commit to taking care of the dog for its entire life and promise to contact the rescue if they can no longer care for them. The rescue’s post-adoption team follows up with the adopters and is available to answer any medical or training-related questions. Mamma Meadow and her pups are going to make wonderful companions and loving dogs to their new families! Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Are Candles Safe for Pets?

Final Thoughts: Candles and PetsWhether you want to include a candle in your holiday décor while keeping your pet safe or simply burn a candle to mask those pesky “pet smells,” there ARE options available to enjoy the gentle glow of a candle without creating unnecessary risks for your companion.Choose a pet-safe candle that is made from plant-based wax, avoiding those scented with potentially toxic essential oils like peppermint and pine oils. Set your candle up on a secure surface out of their reach and supervise your pet the entire time it burns. When you’re done, ensure your candle is stored safely where your pet can’t reach it.These simple precautions may be the difference between a festive holiday scene and a trip to your local emergency vet!Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

How Much Exercise Does My Cat Need?

Cats are often known for their laidback and aloof personalities, lounging around the house like true couch potatoes. But just like us, our kitties need regular exercise to live a happy, healthy, and fulfilling life. That’s where your job as a cat parent comes in! In this article, we will explore the importance of exercise for your cat, including how much exercise they need, the benefits of being active, and fun ways to include more physical activity in your cat’s daily routine. Whether you have an energetic young kitten or a calm senior cat, understanding their exercise needs can make a significant difference in their overall well-being. How Much Playtime Does an Indoor Cat Need? When choosing the perfect pet for your family, you have likely heard about how laid back and easy to care for cats can be. After all, they just lounge around the house all day. Right? The truth is that your cat needs daily activity to stay healthy and in shape. The exact amount of exercise your cat needs will depend on several factors, including their age, breed, lifestyle, and individual health needs. For example, a cat that is obese and needs to lose weight to improve their health may need more physical activity than a cat that is already of a healthy weight. That being said, the general rule of thumb is that a healthy adult cat should be engaging in 30 to 60 minutes of active playtime every day, split into shorter 10 or 15-minute play sessions. If you are unsure about your cat’s specific needs, contact your veterinarian. They will be able to provide insight into how exercise and playtime can improve or help to maintain your cat’s quality of life at this stage and as they continue to age. How Do I Know My Cat is Getting Enough Exercise? There are several behavioral signs that a cat isn’t getting enough exercise that you can watch out for. Cats that don’t engage in regular physical activity often suffer from boredom, depression, or anxiety. While our cats obviously can’t speak to tell us this, we can pay attention to their body language and behavior to catch any signs of trouble. Some key signs to watch out for include: Destructive Behavior: One of the first signs people notice when a cat is bored is that they start to exhibit bad habits and destructive behavior. This could include scratching your furniture, tearing apart the toilet paper, ripping curtains or screens, or stealing items they know they shouldn’t. It’s like a young child. They are bored and looking for ways to keep themselves entertained. Excessive Vocalization: Do you have a naturally vocal cat? If so, they may be trying to tell you that something’s wrong verbally. Some cats, when bored, will cry out for attention. This is a behavior we see in our two every time their morning playtime is even 5 minutes late. Change of Appetite: If they are feeling anxious or highly stressed, some cats will stop eating. Others, like humans, will turn to food during times of boredom. Any unexplained changes to your cat’s diet should be considered a sign of trouble – whether it’s a need for more exercise or something health-related.Over-Grooming: Cats are masters of self-grooming, but if a cat is stressed, anxious, or bored, they may take their grooming too far. This can often lead to the development of bald patches or skin irritation. Aggression or Irritation: Some cats become irritable or upset when experiencing stress and anxiety. This could result in uncharacteristic biting or scratching directed towards you, other family members, or other pets in the home. Loss of Energy or Lethargy: This may come as a surprise as most people will associate not enough exercise with having pent-up energy just begging to come out. However, a cat that isn’t getting enough physical activity can become depressed, which may present as being lazy, uninterested, or more aloof than usual. Another important sign to watch out for is unexplained weight gain. Just as humans will gain weight if they aren’t getting enough exercise, so will your cat. Sure, they likely aren’t concerned with “how they look” each morning – but obesity is a growing problem in the United States and can introduce serious health consequences!

Scientists Finally Know Why Cats Love Tuna So Much

No food is more synonymous with cats than tuna. Even the pickiest of cats can’t resist the tuna’s fishy flavor. Finally, scientists have learned why cats love tuna so much. In the study published in the journal Chemical Sense, scientists report that cats, like humans, have receptors needed to detect umami flavor. Along with sweet, sour, bitter, and salty, umami is one of the five basic tastes.Umami seems to be the cats’ favorite flavor. Considering that umami gives food a deep and savory meaty aroma, it’s no surprise that an obligate carnivore like a cat would prefer it over all other flavors.The research team also found that cats’ taste receptors bind to two chemicals found in high concentrations in tuna. These chemicals boost the umami flavor, making cats obsessed with tuna. “This is an important study that will help us better understand the preferences of our familiar pers,” says Yasuka Toda, a molecular biologist at Meiji University. According to Toda, this study could help cat food manufacturers create healthier food and more palatable medication for cats. Previous studies showed that cats have a unique palate. Cats can’t taste sugar, because their sweet receptor gene is dysfunctional. Scientists believe that felines lose the ability to taste sweeteners and carbs because they don’t need these macronutrients to survive. Cats also have fewer bitter flavor receptors than humans. This trait is commonly seen in obligated carnivores. “Since discovering that cats don’t have a functional sweet taste receptor, we did wonder what they would respond to instead,” study lead author Scott McGrane, a sensory science expert at Waltham Petcare Science Institute, told Live Science. Humans and other animals possess two genes - Tas1r1 and Tas1r3 that work together to detect umami flavor. Previous research has shown that cats express the umami-related Tas1r3 gene in their taste buds, but it was unclear whether they possess both genes needed to detect umami flavor. The research team led by McGrane discovered that cats expressed both Tas1r1 and Tas1r3 genes in their taste buds. To learn this, the scientist biopsied the tongue of a six-year-old male cat that had been euthanized for health reasons unrelated to this study. However, a closer look at the protein sequences encoded by these genes showed that they are very different from human genes. As it turned out, the main amino acids that activate umami flavor in people - glutamic and aspartic acid - were mutated in cats. “So I began thinking, maybe cats can’t taste umami,” said McGrane. But, as it turned out, amino acids don’t bind to the cat umami receptor alone. Nucleotides, which are common in meat and yeast, bind to the cat receptor and glutamic and aspartic acid then have an enhancing effect. “That’s the exact opposite of what we see in people,” explained McGrane. Cats love tuna because it contains the nucleotide inosine monophosphate. Tuna also contains large quantities of L-histidine, an essential amino acid for cats, that enhances umami flavor. “The L-histidine content of tuna is much higher than of other fish species and meat sources.”These new findings could be used for the development of tastier cat food and pharmaceuticals. Although cat food manufacturers already knew that cats prefer meaty flavors, they now have much more details about the compounds they can start working with. It’s essential for manufacturers to ensure that animals want to eat the food they formulate and find it appealing. “I think umami is as important for cats as sweet is for humans,” said Toda. Dogs, she explained, can taste both sweet and umami, which may explain why they’re not such fussy eaters. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

American Airlines Makes It Easier To Travel With Pets

They say to travel is to live, but deciding to leave a beloved pet at home can make you feel guilty - and bringing them along on an adventure can be tough on the bank account. No one truly wants to leave their four-legged best friend behind and figure out whether to hire a pet sitter or look for a boarding facility, but airlines don’t always make it easy for pet parents to travel with their fur babies.Finally, there’s some good news for pet parents and their four-legged companions! American Airlines has changed their pet policy, making it easier and more affordable for pet owners to fly with their fur babies.“On flights with American, you can bring one pet carrier as a carry-on if: You pay the carry-on pet fee; Your pet stays in the pet carrier and under the seat in front of you the entire flight,” shared American Airlines’ on their website. The company added that passengers can also bring “only one additional item on board with your pet” which can be a small personal item like a handbag or a purse, or a carry-on bag that meets the airline’s requirements and fits in the overhead bin compartment. The important thing to note is that you can only bring one with your pet carrier, not both.In the past, people who traveled with pets could only bring one small personal item abroad, which could fit under the seat. Anything bigger than that - for example, a larger carry-on bag that usually goes in the overhead bin - had to be checked, which was an additional $35. As an alternative, pet owners could transport their pets in the cargo hold if they wanted to take a bigger bag with them on the flight. Thanks to recent policy changes, people traveling with pets can now bring a pet aboard and choose whether they’ll travel with a carry-on bag or a personal item. At the same time, no changes to American Airlines' pet travel fee have been made. According to the company’s website, the fee remains fixed at $150 and applies per kennel, each way. For now, pet strollers must be checked at the ticket counter, and all checked bag fees apply. There are a few things to keep in mind before flying off into the sunset with your four-legged friend. All airlines are different. Every airline has its own policies for traveling with pets, so be sure to check the specific restrictions and fees on your flight before you book the tickets. Southwest, JetBlue, Delta, Alaska, and United are a few other airlines that allow pet travel, but each has its own travel requirements. Each airline specifies what pets can travel where. There are also limitations on the number of pets a passenger can bring abroad on different aircrafts. Only two pets in the same carrier can come aboard for American Airlines flights. Don’t forget that capacity is limited, meaning that checked pets are accepted on a first-come basis. Country-based restrictions also apply, and people traveling with pets should check and understand destination restrictions when traveling abroad.Lastly, whatever airline you decide to fly with, you have to find your pet an airline-compliant carrier. Without the right pet carrier, your fur baby won’t be able to fly on a plane with you. There is a lot to think about when traveling with a pet. But all will become worth it when you touch down and start making fun and exciting travel memories with your four-legged companion. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

New Study Searches for the Secret Connection Between ‘Gifted’ Dogs

As dog parents, we all want to believe that our dog is the smartest, most incredible, most amazing dog out there. Right? But there is a select group of dogs whose talent and intelligence stand out above the rest. What makes these dogs so bright? That’s what a new study hopes to understand… Known as “Gifted Word Learner” (GWL) Dogs, these dogs display an impressive vocabulary by learning the names of dozens of their toys, with some learning as many as 125 toys by name! Interested in better understanding this phenomenon and what makes these dogs so naturally gifted, researchers at Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary set out to identify any commonalities between these pups. Their recent study, published in Scientific Reports on December 14, included 41 GWL dogs from nine countries: the US, the UK, Canada, Brazil, Norway, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary. They put out a call for ‘gifted’ dogs, asking owners to complete and submit a self-assessment following their detailed instructions and send the results in a video. Dogs that passed that phase were then given an online vocabulary assessment test to better assess their language skills. The owners were also given a questionnaire to provide a better understanding of each dog’s life experience. “In the questionnaire, we asked the owners about their dog’s life experience, their own experience in raising and training dogs, and about the process by which the dog came to learn the names of his/her toys,” explained Dr. Andrea Sommese, study co-author. Researchers discovered some interesting connections between the GWL dogs using all this information.

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Dog Rescued After Surviving a 60-foot Fall from Michigan Cliff

A family’s trip to one of Michigan’s most beautiful landmarks almost ended tragically, when their dog took a tumble from a cliff. The adventurous dog, named Dancer, was rescued after surviving a 60-foot fall from a cliff and spending a freezing night alone in the wilderness. The three-year-old pooch had escaped her leash and plunged off a steep cliff near Miners Castle, in the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore area in Munising, Michigan. The lakeshore runs alongside Lake Superior and is located in Michigan’s Upper Penninsula. The National Park Service (NPS) shared in a news release that Dancer fell 60 feet off a cliff to a ledge below. The dog’s owners spent hours searching the area but were unable to find the dog and were convinced that she didn’t survive the fall. Rangers at the nearby Pictured Rocks Park received a message about the lost pooch and decided to enlist the help of Superior High Angle Rescue Professionals (SHARP), a local rope rescue team, to search for the dog. The following morning SHARP members Erik Olsen, Westley Shaffer, and Tyler Davis went to the area and were able to find Dancer, who was cold, but alive. “Though she has spent the night trying to keep warm, she was excited to see the rescuers,” the service wrote. Dancer, who was described as a “professional troublemaker” didn’t have any reported injuries. The lucky pooch has since been reunited with her family and is recovering well after spending the night alone in the wilderness. The park service noted that Dancer was extremely lucky and although her story has a happy ending, her fall should serve as a reminder to everyone that areas of Pictured Rocks can get very cold and extremely slippery.“With this year’s mild start to winter, many areas of Pictured Rocks are more accessible than they are most years,” Chief Ranger Joe Hughes explained. “It is still important to remember to be prepared for slippery, cold conditions that can change quickly.”Whether you’re planning to hit a local trail with your pooch or are planning a trip to a state park, keep your pooch on a leash. Make sure that your pup’s harness is fitted properly so that your pooch can’t wiggle out of it, even if it tries. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Why Is My Dog Licking and Chewing His Paws?

You might think it’s gross, but your pooch certainly doesn’t – canines are known to lick themselves as a way of grooming. While your dog might lick their body thoroughly to keep it clean, sometimes, their self-grooming can be abnormal. If you notice that your pet is licking or even chewing their paws obsessively, it should raise concern. This type of behavior might indicate an underlying medical issue, so here’s what you need to know before you phone your vet.Is It Normal for Dogs to Lick and Chew Their Paws?While some licking of their paws after they get dirty can be perfectly normal, constant licking or chewing of the paws is certainly not usual behavior. There could be several reasons behind this, and it could indicate that your attention and even intervention are needed. Here are some of the most common reasons why dogs lick and chew their paws.Allergies:  Allergies, including food allergies, environmental allergies (such as pollen or dust mites), and contact allergies (for example, from cleaning products or lawn chemicals), can lead to itching and discomfort in dogs. Paw licking and chewing can be a response to this itching. If you suspect that an allergy might be in question, don’t hesitate to visit your vet.Skin irritation or infection: If your dog's paws are red, swollen, or have an unpleasant odor, it may indicate a  skin infection or irritation. Bacterial or fungal infections, as well as foreign objects like splinters or thorns, can lead to serious issues down the road. Again, if you notice any of the above, it’s time to visit the vet.Dry or cracked paw pads: Dry or cracked paw pads can be uncomfortable for dogs. Licking and chewing may be their way of trying to soothe the discomfort. This happens to many dogs, and can be caused by their environment, the surface on which they walk, and many other things. Luckily, you can prevent this with paw wax that will create a barrier between the pads and the walking surface, or treat existing issues with paw butter that soothes and repairs the pads. This particular  2-in-1 paw butter and wax is a favorite of mine because it is made from all-natural ingredients and heals cracked paws in no time – while simultaneously preventing future irritation and dryness. 

How Do I Teach My Cat to Play Fetch?

Unlike dogs, cats aren’t exactly known for their love of fetch. If you dream of tossing a toy with your furry best friend for hours, fear note – with a bit of time, patience, and positive reinforcement, you may just inspire a new love for the game in your kitty. This post will discuss why some cats take to fetch so naturally and how play can benefit your cat’s overall health and well-being. Plus, we’ll share how to teach your cat to play fetch step-by-step with tips for success! So, grab your cat’s favorite toy and get ready for a fun game of fetch…Why Do Cats Love Playing Fetch? There are many theories about why cats enjoy this game. The most accepted theory is that the action triggers natural hunting instincts. When an object is thrown, it mimics their prey moving across the room. The cat then chases the toy, stalking and hunting it. Retrieving the toy and bringing it back to you is similar to cats bringing their freshly killed prey to their owners as a gift. Other experts see the game of fetch as an attempt to spend quality time playing together, bonding like we do with our dogs. However, no research confirms either theory. What Toy Do Cats Love Most? Finding the best toy for your fetch-loving cat can be a fun process. Why? There is no “one-size-fits-all” solution. Instead, you’ll have to set aside time to play and test which toys your cat connects with most. Think of it as a fun game of trial and error. We have two cats at home, one of whom is absolutely in love with playing fetch. Pippen, our Maine Coon mix, will bring toys to us randomly throughout the day. She drops them at our feet and meows loudly while pawing at our pant legs, begging us to throw whatever she has brought us. Here are a few of her favorite toys to play fetch with: SmartyKat Skitter Critters Catnip Cat Toys: These little mice are not only the perfect size and weight for cats to carry around, but the fact they include catnip makes them even more enticing. If the theory about hunting is correct, they are a great example of mock prey. Catit Eco Cat Toy: Another prey-like toy, this is arguably the top choice in our house. Pippen loves anything with feathers. If you have a tiny kitten, this is a little harder to carry, but Pippen is relatively small, and she has never had a problem. Andiker Cat Crinkle Balls: This is another one I have heard other cat parents raving about. The balls make a fun crinkling sound while the foil-like mylar material reflects the light, making them a fun visual spectacle to hunt down. SPOT Colorful Springs: These toys may not seem special, but the spring design causes them to bounce around the room unpredictably. This keeps your cat on their toes as they hunt them down with each throw. Cat Tube Spring Toys: These toys are made of lightweight mesh material, making them easy to carry around. If you fold them or push down the ends, then let go, they fly through the air. The goal is to find something your cat loves, wants to retrieve, and can comfortably carry back to you to continue the game. Is It Normal for a Cat to Never Play? While you can expect a range of playfulness from cats, with some cats being very playful and others only playing occasionally when they “feel like it,” it’s not normal for a cat to never play at all. A healthy adult cat should get at least 30 to 60 minutes of playtime daily. This can be in one large play session or, ideally, split into shorter play sessions of 10 to 15 minutes. If you have a cat who appears lazy or unmotivated, you should prioritize turning this around and encouraging them to play more. Otherwise, they will be at a higher risk of potential health complications, including obesity, diabetes, urinary tract diseases, arthritis and other joint-related issues, and fatty liver disease.

Firefighters Save Dog From Drowning in the Icy Waters of Lake Superior

A dog is lucky to be alive after taking a dip into Lake Superior’s frigid December waters. Minnesota Firefighters battled biting cold and eight-foot-tall waves to save the pooch who escaped from their leash and jumped into the lake’s freezing water. The Duluth Minnesota Fire Department posted on social media that several marine units were sent to rescue a dog that jumped into Lake Superior from the Duluth Aerial Lift Bridge. The pup’s owner met the rescues on the bridge and pointed out the dog struggling to stay afloat in eight-foot-plus waves in the middle of the ship canal. Crews donned ice rescue suits before entering the lake to protect them from the ice-cold water of Lake Superior. At the same time, additional rescues were sent with the department’s 14-foot inflatable boat to assist the crew in the water. The rescue team fought their way through freezing water and huge waves to find the dog, but couldn’t see him due to low light and waves. The dog’s coat was also dark in color and they kept slipping under the water, making them hard to find.Thanks to the dog owner and fire personnel who shouted directions from the pier, the firefighters managed to locate the dog and grab them by their collar. Even though they had their hands on the pup, firefighters faced several problems before bringing the dog safely to the shore. The crew tried to swim with the dog to the shore, but they struggled in high waves. The pooch was large and terrified, and rescues struggled to keep its head above water. The waves swept the firefighters and the pup under the Duluth bridge, towards the bay and away from shore. Luckily the additional firefighters arrived with an inflatable boat and pulled the dog and the rescues from freezing waters.As soon as their paws touched solid ground, the exhausted pooch was treated for hypothermia by emergency staff. To everyone’s delight, the dog’s condition improved quickly and they were able to walk on their own. According to officials, the dog was wagging their tail as they jumped into their owner’s car. The Duluth Minnesota Fire Department shared that firefighters prevented the dog’s owner from jumping into the water in an attempt to save the beloved dog themselves. The officials added that bystanders had to convince the owner not to go in after the dog and warned people against putting themselves in danger to save a pet.“The Duluth Fire Department wants to stress to the public the importance of not putting yourself into a situation you are neither trained nor equipped to handle. This will not only put you at risk but the emergency responders as well. It will also greatly limit the options we have to try and save your pet as all efforts will now be directed at saving you,” Duluth Fire Department officials said.“We have learned in the fire service that if we don’t respond to help in these situations that bystanders and owners likely will take action on their own,” they added. “Without the proper training and equipment, this most often results in the firefighters now responding to a call for a person in harm’s way.”“Given the waves and temperature conditions in the canal last night, anyone entering the water without the proper training and equipment would most likely have ended in tragedy,” fire officials added. Luckily for all that wasn’t the case! Thanks to the brave firefighters the pooch and their owner are safe and can enjoy each other’s company for many years to come.  Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

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