Can Your Cat Be A Vegetarian?

by Lisa Selvaggio

Published: August 21st, 2014

Is taking meat out of your cat’s diet healthy or will vegetable-based food do more harm than good?

Most vegetarians and vegans hold to their ethics strongly. They genuinely love animals, especially if they chose to change their lifestyle after seeing the abhorrent cruelty that can occur on farms and slaughterhouses. But if you’re a vegetarian or a vegan and you own cats, is it right to also put them on a meatless diet?

Considering Your Cat’s Physiology

Felines are obligate carnivores, which mean they need animal protein in order to survive. While dogs can be transitioned onto a vegetarian diet more easily, cats have different physiological needs that require the consumption of animal products. Even just viewing a cat in the wild will tell you that they’ll avoid plants and opt for mice and birds instead.

Cats have short digestive tracts that are meant to move food quickly through the system. This comes in handy when consuming raw meats that might contain pathogens that would be harmful if left in the system for too long. And their bodies are unable to break down plant cellulose, which is why fruits and vegetables that are added to your cat’s food need to be cooked or ground up first to make them digestible. They also get their energy requirements from fat and protein, rather than from carbohydrates, which is why many feline nutritionists advise against feeding cats grains.

Nutrients Derived from Animal Sources

Unfortunately, cats fed vegan diets are much more susceptible to deficiencies of key nutrients that are derived from animal sources.

Vegan cat foods will include vitamin D2, which comes from plants. But what felines really need is vitamin D3, which comes from animal sources, as their bodies cannot properly absorb and use D2.

Beta-carotene is a carotenoid that’s converted to vitamin A in the liver of some animals, but cats cannot make this conversion. Instead, they need preformed vitamin A in the foods they consume in order to reap the benefits of this important antioxidant. Deficiency in this vitamin can result from a diet that’s not properly balanced. Other problems that can result from a plant-based diet include deficiencies in B vitamins, iron, calcium, and phosphorous.

Cats also lack the ability to create taurine, an essential amino acid associated with vision and cardiovascular health. The main source for taurine is meat, so cats who are fed a plant-based diet are at a greater risk of becoming deficient in this key nutrient. A plant-based diet can also put a cat at risk of other amino acid deficiencies or imbalances, particularly when it comes to L-carnitine.

Essential fatty acids are important to the health of your cat’s skin and coat, as well as his brain and cardiovascular health, but a plant-based diet would put your cat at a higher risk of becoming deficient in arachidonic acid, in particular.

Taking a Look at Vegan Cat Diets

Vegan cat foods on the market today contain a heavy amount of grains and starches that are meant to provide all of the essential protein, vitamins, minerals, and fiber that a cat needs to be healthy. But the problem is that a cat really needs animal proteins, not plant proteins, to thrive. And too many carbohydrates will lead to high levels of glucose in the body that can lead to a variety of health ailments, including obesity and diabetes. Diets high in plants and grains can also throw off the pH of the urine, causing stones and infections.

Studies and Claims

While some small studies of felines on vegetarian diets may show that the cats weren’t deficient in key nutrients like taurine and B12, it doesn’t mean these cats were getting optimal levels of these nutrients. There are quite a few cat parents, however, who have spoken out in favor of a plant-based diet for cats, claiming that their pets are healthy after eating this way for years.

Making Your Decision

When it comes to choosing whether or not you want to put your cat on a plant-based diet, first consider who you’re really doing it for: you or your cat. Think about how a cat would normally eat in the wild and how ethical it would be to subject your cat to an unnatural diet, much like feeding a cow a meat-based diet.

If you do choose to go ahead with a plant-based feline diet, however, don’t rely solely upon the products that are on the market. Instead, discuss this important topic with a veterinarian who has experience in this area. Bringing your cat to the vet for regular checkups and blood tests is imperative if you choose to take this route, and you may even want to bring your cat twice per year just to be sure you stay on top of his nutrient levels and overall health.

Lisa Selvaggio

Lisa Selvaggio is a freelance writer and editor, and our resident cats-pert, with certifications in pet nutrition and pet first aid. She enjoys producing content that helps people understand animals better so they can give their pets a safe and happy home.

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Say Cheese! Experts Say Your Cat Can Smile at You

If you're a cat owner, you've probably noticed your feline friend doing all sorts of cute and quirky things. From chasing their tail to “ making biscuits”, cats are full of surprises. But did you know that your cat can also smile at you?While cats may not have the same facial muscles as humans, they are capable of expressing a wide range of emotions through their  body language, including happiness and contentment. When a cat is happy, they may exhibit a variety of behaviors, such as purring, kneading, and even a subtle smile.So how can you tell if your cat is smiling at you? According to Marci Koski, a feline behavior and training consultant, the telltale sign is their eyes. When a cat is happy, their eyes may appear slightly squinty, almost as if they're half-closed. This is sometimes referred to as a "slow blink" or a "cat kiss," and it's a sign that your cat is relaxed and content in your presence.And while your kitty won’t flash her sparkly whites when smiling, another way to tell if your cat is smiling is by observing their mouth. When a cat is content, their mouth may be slightly open and their lips may be relaxed, giving the appearance of a subtle smile. Some cats may even curl their lips back slightly, almost as if they're grinning.It's important to note that not all cats will exhibit these behaviors, and some may have their own unique ways of expressing happiness. However, for many cat owners, recognizing the signs of a happy cat is a rewarding experience and can help strengthen the bond between owner and pet, so keep an eye out for these little hints your kitty might be giving out.In addition to recognizing when your cat is happy, it's also important to ensure that they are receiving the proper care and attention they need to thrive. This includes providing them with a balanced diet, plenty of exercise and mental stimulation, and regular visits to the vet to ensure their health and wellbeing. If her basic needs are neglected, it is unlikely that your kitty will be happy and express joy.

Psyllium Fiber for Cats: A Natural Remedy for Constipation

Did you know that you can add fiber to your kitty’s diet? Let’s talk about psyllium fiber for cats and how it can help.Taking a holistic or natural approach to your cat’s care is certainly possible. If your pet is dealing with constipation, for example, you might consider psyllium fiber as a potential remedy. But what is psyllium fiber, and how does it work? How should you use it in your cat’s diet, and are there any precautions that you need to take?We’ve compiled some helpful information on psyllium fiber below to give you greater insight into what it’s used for and how it might be able to help kitties that have certain digestive issues.Note: If you’re thinking about trying psyllium fiber, such as to help your pet have a bowel movement when constipated, we recommend consulting with your veterinarian first. Professional veterinary guidance can help ensure that you’ll choose the appropriate remedy at the right dose for your pet, especially if your feline friend is taking other supplements or medications or has been diagnosed with a medical condition.Related: How To Naturally Treat Common Digestive Disorders In CatsWhat Is Psyllium Fiber?Psyllium fiber is a natural fiber from the plantago ovata plant, and it is a source of insoluble and soluble fiber. It is also the main ingredient that is used in the popular over-the-counter fiber supplement, Metamucil.Insoluble fiber won’t dissolve in water, and it can add some bulk to your cat’s stool to help increase the speed at which it will move through your pet’s digestive system. Soluble fiber, on the other hand, will dissolve in water, so it will form a gel within the animal’s digestive tract, and it can encourage smoother movement. So, in other words, both of these types of fiber can help when it comes to maintaining healthy digestion and avoiding constipation.Related: Can Your Cat Be A Vegetarian?What Can Psyllium Fiber Do to Support Your Kitty’s Health?There are a few things that psyllium can do to help your kitty feel better, particularly when it comes to your furry friend’s digestive system. Here are some of the reasons why it might be worth asking your veterinarian if your fur baby would benefit from psyllium fiber:Constipation: If your cat is experiencing difficulty with having bowel movements, you definitely want to have her checked by a veterinarian, as this is not a problem that should be ignored. Your vet can examine your kitty and evaluate her overall condition to work on figuring out what is to blame for the constipation. And your vet might recommend a supplement like psyllium fiber to help get things moving again if your kitty has been diagnosed with constipation. How could psyllium be useful in this situation? Put simply, this supplement may help increase the bulk of your cat’s stool, thereby stimulating movement in the intestines to get the stool out, and it may also help boost the water in your cat’s stool to make it easier to pass.Diarrhea: In addition to potentially helping your cat if she is constipated, psyllium fiber might also be a good natural remedy if she is experiencing diarrhea. Your veterinarian might recommend taking steps like fasting your kitty for a short amount of time before giving her small amounts of food to see if the diarrhea resolves. And you might also be told to try psyllium fiber, which can be added to a bland diet or to your pet’s usual food, to see if it helps your companion feel better sooner. Just remember that it’s important to ensure your kitty isn’t getting dehydrated if she’s dealing with diarrhea. And you always want to follow your vet’s instructions closely when tackling this problem and working on helping your cat feel better as soon as possible. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: This is a condition that can cause a variety of symptoms, and it’s really important to take steps to address this problem before it worsens, so don’t ignore it. If your cat has been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), working closely with your vet is imperative, as you want to be sure you can give your kitty everything that she needs to feel better. Psyllium fiber might be recommended in this case because it may be helpful when tackling problems like diarrhea and constipation.Hairballs: Does your cat throw up hairballs often? Then you might be looking for a solution that can help reduce the frequency of those hairballs. Well, fiber may be worth trying, as it might support your kitty’s body in pushing the hair through the digestive tract and then out of the body through the stool. And if you want to add a little more fiber to your cat’s diet, psyllium might be the right choice.    The Importance of Water When Giving a Cat Psyllium FiberWhenever you give your cat psyllium fiber, it’s super important to also provide your pet with plenty of water. That’s because an obstruction might occur in the intestines if the psyllium fiber is ingested without adequate amounts of water.If your kitty doesn’t seem interested in drinking water, you aren’t alone. Some cats won’t drink a lot of water from a bowl, which is why many pet parents turn to water fountains for cats. Basically, the running water might entice a kitty to drink more than a bowl of standing water would.  In addition to providing a bowl of fresh, clean water at all times, another strategy that may work well is to simply add some water to your companion’s wet food. Doing so can help ensure your cat is staying properly hydrated, so this may be the best way to go when trying psyllium fiber. How Do You Give a Cat Psyllium Fiber?Before giving your kitty psyllium fiber, it’s important to learn about the best and safest ways to go about doing so. That way, you can provide your pet with the benefits of this fiber, with the lowest risk of any possible side effects. Also, we can’t stress this enough: even when it comes to something natural, it is always smart to talk to your veterinarian first, especially if your cat is on any medications or taking any supplements, or if your pet is on a special diet. And it is especially important to consult with a vet if your pet has been diagnosed with a medical condition that you are managing with or without medications. Adding psyllium fiber to your cat’s foodAs mentioned above, to help your kitty get more fiber to relieve her constipation, while also ensuring there is enough moisture when doing so, you can try adding psyllium powder to her wet food. This is easy to do, as you just have to add the appropriate amount of psyllium to the food, mix it in thoroughly, and then feed your cat as you normally do. Provided that your kitty doesn’t realize that you added the fiber, or doesn’t mind it even if she does notice, you should find that she eats her meal without any complaints.  Getting the dose right is also important. Contact your veterinarian to figure out how much psyllium fiber you should be adding to your cat’s food, and how often you should give her the psyllium fiber. The dose may depend on your cat’s condition and weight, and your veterinarian may tweak his or her recommendations based on how your kitty responds to this treatment.Closely following your vet’s instructions regarding how much psyllium fiber to give, and how often to give it, can help ensure you get the best results possible. But it is also important to keep in mind that this remedy might not work immediately. For example, it might take upwards of 72 hours before you begin to see improvements in your kitty’s condition. Your vet can advise you on what signs to look for to figure out if the psyllium is working or if you should stop giving it to your pet.Important Note: Although you might think of simply giving your cat some Metamucil, beware that this product may contain other ingredients, such as artificial sweeteners and flavors, that can be harmful to your cat. So, before you do, carefully read ingredients and talk to your vet to be sure it’s safe. What about cat food or supplements with psyllium fiber in it?If you come across any cat foods, treats, or supplements that contain psyllium, such as Vet's Best Chewable Tablets Hairball Control Supplement for Cats, remember to check all of the ingredients. And, again, it is a good idea to talk to your veterinarian before giving any to your pet, as you want to be sure it’s the right move.  Your veterinarian might even recommend certain fiber supplements that contain psyllium, and you would need to follow the instructions carefully for those products to be sure you give your cat the right amount.  Consider psyllium fiber a short-term solutionExperts note that psyllium fiber is often best used on a short-term basis. Including it in your pet’s diet long-term might cause it to lose its effectiveness. Your vet will be able to guide you when it comes to how and when to use psyllium fiber. And if your kitty is dealing with chronic constipation, know that there are also other strategies that you could implement to help restore and maintain digestive health.Are There Any Precautions to Take?Whenever you are thinking about adding a new supplement to your pet’s diet, even if it’s natural like psyllium fiber, it is wise to talk to your veterinarian first. That way, you can discuss your pet’s condition and determine if psyllium fiber is truly right for your companion. Also, as mentioned above, your veterinarian can give you instructions regarding dosage, and can advise on how long you should give your kitty this fiber to help improve her digestion. Plus, if your cat is being given psyllium to help with a digestive ailment like constipation, your veterinarian can help you track her progress, including if and how she’s improving with this fiber added to her diet. Talking to your vet can also shed light on any precautions you should take when giving your cat psyllium fiber. But, to get a general idea of what to expect and what to look out for, keep reading. Water is a priority. First off, as discussed earlier, it’s necessary that you provide psyllium fiber with your pet’s wet food, and ensure your cat is getting enough moisture from her food and clean water. Maintaining proper hydration is another way to help your kitty remain constipation-free. But, as mentioned above, you also want to make sure your cat is getting plenty of moisture throughout the day and night when you’re giving her psyllium because this can help you avoid problems like obstructions that may occur if the animal isn’t getting enough water. As you can see, the need for moisture when giving this fiber to your cat can’t be stressed enough.Side effects are a possibility. Secondly, keep an eye out for side effects. When giving a cat psyllium fiber, side effects such as gas, stomach discomfort, or loose stools might occur. And it’s a good idea to ask your veterinarian about any other side effects that might develop as well. Be sure to contact your vet if vomiting occurs, if your pet has trouble having a bowel movement, or if she starts to have loose stools. Report all side effects to your veterinarian right away so you can figure out what steps to take to help your cat.Psyllium fiber isn’t for all cats. Finally, it’s important to be aware that psyllium fiber isn’t always safe for a cat to take. For example, it shouldn’t be given if the kitty is suffering from fecal impaction. It might also interact with certain medications. Therefore, it’s best to ask your vet before giving your cat any psyllium fiber. And you might need to have your pet examined to determine the cause of the constipation or other digestive ailments before psyllium fiber is prescribed. Don’t just assume that psyllium fiber is the appropriate solution to your cat’s digestive issues. Instead, have your cat checked by a vet to get a diagnosis so you’ll know what’s really going on and causing her symptoms. Your vet can then recommend the treatments that are right for your pet based on her condition and needs. The Bottom Line:Psyllium might be just what your cat needs if she is experiencing digestive problems like constipation or diarrhea, and it might also be recommended by your veterinarian if your cat has been diagnosed with certain medical problems, such as irritable bowel disease. This fiber is quite easy to add to your pet’s diet. As long as it’s appropriate for your kitty, it might be the remedy that helps to get things moving in a healthy way again.  Just bear in mind that it’s better to be safe by working under the guidance of your vet, even when using a natural product like psyllium powder. Plus, your vet can direct you to the products that are best for your cat, as you might find foods, treats, and supplements that contain this ingredient too. So, if you think psyllium might be right for your feline companion, talk it over with your veterinarian and use a high-quality product that will be effective in supporting your pet’s health in a natural way. 

How a Simplified Diet Can Help Your Cat Live Their Best Life

While life has changed so much for cats over the centuries, their dietary needs haven’t. Cats are considered obligate carnivores. It’s simple, really: cats need a protein-rich, animal-based diet and don’t do well digesting most plant-based proteins. Unfortunately, when you feed your pet commercial food, things can get a bit more complicated and potentially stray further from a cat’s optimal dietary requirements.

How This Cat Food Can Change Your Life

Living with a kitty is not without its challenges, especially if you happen to be sensitive to allergens in cat hair and dander. Sure, having cat sensitivities doesn't have to prevent you from adopting one, but it definitely puts a strain on your bond as you’ll always have to be mindful of close contact.

5 Big Differences Between Cats and Dogs

Other than the obvious physical differences, here are other considerable contrasts between the two household pets. Although cats and dogs are the most popular pets, there are some major differences between the two species, and understanding those differences will prepare you to be a great guardian to your canine or feline companion. Below is a list of just five ways that dogs and cats differ. As you get to know these animals better, what you will undoubtedly realize is that these adorable pets are special in their own ways. And, despite their differences, they both have so much love, affection, and attention to offer you. So, whether you are currently a cat or dog parent or you are planning on becoming one, understanding their needs and behaviors is definitely worthwhile. Diet and Nutrition One of the biggest differences between cats and dogs is how they eat and what nutrients they need to acquire from their food. Felines are obligate carnivores, which means they must consume animal protein (i.e. meat) in order to survive and to thrive. On the other hand, canines definitely prefer a carnivorous diet, but they are better equipped to scavenge for food and can, therefore, digest and reap the benefits of plant material better than cats can. Dogs can actually survive solely on plant material, if necessary. This is why it is important to take precautions before putting your dog on a vegan diet, and most vets advise against putting a cat on a vegan diet. Canines are also able to survive longer periods of time without food, thanks to their ability to burn fat reserves for energy. Felines, on the other hand, will end up using non-fatty tissues to get the energy they need when they are not consuming enough food, and this can lead to life-threatening hepatic lipidosis. Related: Can Your Cat Be A Vegetarian? Claws A cat’s claws will remain sharp, and grow sharp again and again between trimmings, because they retract and become hidden. On the other hand, a dog’s claws are always extended. This helps keep them blunt because they are always getting worn down through continual contact with the ground with every step. Nevertheless, it is important to check your dog’s claws and trim them whenever necessary to ensure his gait is normal and the claws won’t get so long that they are at a greater risk of breaking and becoming infected. Even though a cat’s claws might be quite different from those of a dog, the key is to check your pet’s paws and claws regularly to be sure they look healthy. Trimming the claws whenever necessary is an important step to take when caring for a canine or feline, and it can all be done as part of an at-home grooming session during which you pamper your furry friend to keep them looking cute and clean. Related: Declawing Cats: A Cruel and Unnecessary Procedure Training Many dogs are ready and willing to be trained, and they can pick up on basic commands rather quickly. Sometimes it takes just a few minutes to train a dog to “sit,” for example. Therefore, canines are easier to train than felines, as their goal is to please their owners. Cats, on the other hand, are almost impossible to train. It takes a lot more time, patience, and dedication to train a cat to do tricks like a dog, as they do not readily respond to commands. However, just because cats might be more challenging when it comes to training, it certainly doesn’t mean that they can’t be trained. In fact, some kitties will gladly perform little tricks and follow easy commands if they have been taught that they will get a treat as a reward for that type of behavior. Clicker training is something that you can try with your frisky feline, whether you want to do it for fun or you want to encourage better behavior. It’s also worth noting that there are differences between dogs and cats when it comes to their bathroom habits. If cats are given access to a clean litter box, they will automatically know where to go to the bathroom instinctually, without needing to be trained. But if you have a dog, you will need to dedicate quite a bit of time to housetraining him so he doesn’t go to the bathroom inside the house. Fight versus Flight Cats can run quickly, climb, and jump high to get away from a potential predator. They know that, even though they are predators, they can also be prey, so their bodies are equipped to get away fast. And these same quick reflexes also make them agile hunters. But dogs, who are unable to climb, are more reliant upon their packs to take down prey, and they are more likely to stand their ground and become aggressive in order to defend themselves against an attacker because they are not able to get away as easily as cats. Also, dogs are long distance runners, while cats are sprinters, which is why cats have to use more stealth during their attacks on their prey, while dogs can use their endurance to exhaust an animal before taking it down. By understanding how cats and dogs attack their prey, you can adjust your play sessions with them to better mimic the act of hunting. For example, you might purchase interactive toys for kitties that encourage them to pounce from a hiding spot and sprint in order to tackle their “prey.” This can help your feline friend release energy in a positive way, while also fulfilling the natural instinct to hunt and feeling the satisfaction of doing it successfully. Social Life It should come as no surprise that dogs are more sociable than cats and they prefer to be in crowds of people, thanks to their pack mentality. Cats tend to be more solitary and tend to become more attached to their territory than the other inhabitants within it. However, any cat owner will tell you that cats can become very attached to their owners and to other felines or pets in the family, which is why they make great companions like dogs do. Just like people, though, dogs and cats are individuals with unique personalities, so there are exceptions to these general traits. For instance, you might have a dog who actually prefers quiet environments and who is attached to one person in the family in particular. Or, you might have a cat who is extremely social and willing to become friends with everyone that walks through the front door. The key is to observe your pet to get to know them. Then, you can give them what they need, whether that means giving them a serene space they can retreat to or giving them a lot of time to play with family to enjoy the company of others. One Thing Is Certain: Dogs and Cats Can Bring You Joy! It doesn’t matter if you’re a dog person, a cat person, or a little bit of both. The truth is that these animals make wonderful pets and can bring loads of laughter and love into your life, and that’s what makes them similar despite their differences.

Meet the Lancashire Heeler, the AKC's Newest Dog Breed

Say hello to the Lancashire heeler - the American Kennel Club’s 201st recognized dog breed and the newest member of the Herding group. Although small in stature, Lancashire heelers are active and sturdy dogs ready to compete with 200 other dog breeds at thousands of U.S dog shows.“A small, powerful herding dog that thrives on human interaction, this breed would make a great companion for active families that can provide a great deal of love and attention," said Gina DiNardo, American Kennel Club’s Executive Secretary.These small dogs have long bodies and short coats, often black and tan or liver and tan. The Lancashire heeler is a solidly built dog that is around one foot (30 centimeters) tall at the shoulders and weighs up to 17 pounds (7.7 kilograms). Traditionally, Lancashire heelers worked on farms as ratters and herders. Today, these feisty dogs participate in various canine sports and pursuits.“They are gritty little dogs, and they are very intelligent little dogs,” said Patricia Blankenship, who has bred Lancashire heelers for over a decade. “It’s an enjoyable little breed to be around,” she added. The official breed standard calls for Lancashire heelers to be courageous, happy, and affectionate to owner. The owners of these pooches say that happy heelers sometimes pull their lips back and smile. These small but powerful dogs won’t be content to lounge around all the time. They are highly energetic and just as skilled in performance sports as they are in conformation. Lancashire heelers can be found competing in agility, herding, obedience, rally, barn hunt, tracking, disk dog, dock diving, and therapy trials. “There are even a couple that have competed in Earth dog and weight-pull events,” said Sheryl Bradbury, President of the United States Lancashire Heeler Club (USLHC), according to AKC. “It’s a breed that will work hard all day and is happy to curl up at your side and watch the TV news at night.”“The breed is different but in a good way,” said Jeff Kestner, Club Chair of Judges’ Education Committee. “It’s not a run-of-the-mill dog. Its eyes and expression are like magnets. Being a herding breed it's extremely intelligent - it definitely needs a job to do.” According to Bradbury, the biggest misconception about the Lancashire heeler is that it’s adorable and sweet and the perfect size to sit on your lap. “I always caution the buyers to not let a puppy’s cuteness fool you. The minute it is off your lap it may be chewing your shoes or nipping at your heels. Conversely, it will be your loyal best friend.”This cute breed often develops a strong bond with one household member. They will like to interact with the entire family but will pick a favorite person. “It is great with children as long as the children understand how to respect the dog,” added Bradbury. The breed’s origin is packed with mystery but they were first bred in the United Kingdom. The Lancashire heeler is regarded as a “vulnerable native breed” and faces extinction in its homeland. The United Kingdom’s Kennel Club has added an average of just 121 Lancashire heelers to its registry in recent years.Being recognized as a dog breed doesn’t mean that the breed in question is newly created. To officially recognize the Lancashire heeler, the American Kennel Club required proof of a minimum of 20 litters bred with a three-generation pedigree. This guarantees that the breed is established and sustainable. According to Bradbury, there are around 400 Lancashire heelers nationwide but there’s no doubt we’ll see more of these dogs in the future. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

UK Dog Is Recovering After 130+ Coins Were Removed From His Stomach

Missing any cash? An owner from Swindon in the UK did and was shocked when he discovered how his money went missing. The vets were equally shocked because they discovered that Charlie, the little  Bichon Frise, had eaten 133 coins, equalling more than £18!The mischievous little Bichon was taken to Thameswood Vets in Swindon, after the owners became concerned for his health, thinking he was ill. Their doubts proved true. A quick ultrasound revealed an obvious obstruction in the pet’s tummy. At first, the vet thought it was a piece of plastic, and scheduled an operation to remove the obstruction. But the surgery left him shocked. "It was a surprise for everybody,"  said vet Matheus Nerone, who carried out the surgery. Because once the stomach was opened, a “hoard” of 133 coins was discovered, adding up to £18 and 20 pence. "We opened his stomach and found 133 coins inside him," Dr. Nerone explained. "We did find some pieces of plastic there as well - but the owners had no idea that he had eaten the coins."Everyone was left scratching their head, wondering how on earth did Charlie ingest so many coins. "I don't think they had been there that long - maybe the night or two nights before he came in - because of the size of the obstruction there.” the Dr. said. "He felt sick so if he had eaten those coins a few days ago, he would have been sick before then."Of course, the doctor revealed that it is not uncommon for dogs to  ingest all sorts of things, especially loose change. "It does happen but usually they stop after having a couple of them [coins] - but 133 coins is an impressive amount!"Luckily, the surgery went well, and mischievous little Charlie is now making a good recovery. Thanks to the owner’s keen eye, a real tragedy was prevented, as Charlie could have been in big trouble without quick attention. "Many coins contain zinc which can be poisonous and lead to vomiting, diarrhea, and a lack of appetite," Dr. Nerone clarified. "We are monitoring his blood, but we are hopeful that everything's going to be fine."So next time you’re missing some change, consider all the possibilities!

Is Aquarium Salt Safe for Plants?

All those in love with the fascinating world of aquatics know how sensitive and (sometimes) demanding pet fish and  aquarium plants are. The aquarium plant life in particular can be very vulnerable, reacting to the smallest changes in the tank’s environment. Naturally, this begs the question: could adding salt to your tank potentially kill its plant life? Or is salt beneficial for your aquarium’s flora? These are the questions that need to be answered carefully, as there are different types of salt used, and not all have the same effects on the many different aquarium plants. Let’s dive deeper into the topic!Is Aquarium Salt Safe for Plants? Aquarium salt, when used properly, has many uses in an aquarium setting. It can help with certain issues like treating fish diseases and promoting electrolyte balance in fish. But what about plants? The key to using salt with aquarium plants is moderation and research. There are different types of salt on the market, so you should inquire about their properties and possible effects on fish and plants. Secondly, always use it in moderation. When used in the right amounts, salt can be beneficial. However, the excessive use of salt can be harmful to plants, as it can disrupt their osmotic balance and lead to dehydration or nutrient imbalances. In fact, put too much of it, and you can kill all the plants AND the fish in the tank!But what is the osmotic balance? Like all living organisms, plants maintain a delicate balance of water and salts within their cells. When exposed to high concentrations of salt, such as those found in aquarium salt products, plants can experience “osmotic stress”. This stress occurs because the salt outside the plant's roots creates a higher concentration of solutes in the soil than inside the plant cells. As a result, water is drawn out of the plant, leading to dehydration and potential damage – and even death.Excessive salt in the aquarium soil can also interfere with a plant's ability to absorb essential nutrients. Sodium ions, which are a component of salt, can compete with other positively charged ions like potassium, calcium, and magnesium that plants need for healthy growth. This competition can disrupt nutrient uptake and lead to deficiencies, even if those nutrients are present in the soil.Another confusing factor is that some aquarium plants are much more tolerant than others. Halophytes, for example, are plants that have evolved to thrive in saline environments and can withstand higher levels of salt in the soil and water. However, most freshwater aquarium plants are not adapted to high-salt conditions and can suffer greatly when aquarium salt is introduced to the tank. You should also consider the types of salt available. Sea salt, for example, is much different and more complex than ordinary table salt. It contains sodium chloride, and minerals like potassium, zinc, and calcium. As such, it is only suitable for use in aquariums that have marine fish and  invertebrates, and plants naturally occurring in salt waters. 

Taters the Cat Streams From Deep Space for NASA

Cat playing with laser pointer is used by NASA to measure band-with between deep space and Earth.

Hypothermia in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

When a dog gets too cold, they’re at risk of hypothermia. But what is hypothermia, what are its symptoms, and what can be done to treat it? Below is a brief guide to dog hypothermia so you can have a better understanding of this condition and why it’s so important to prevent it.What Is Hypothermia in Dogs?Hypothermia develops when a dog’s body temperature drops to 99°F (37.2°C) or lower. A dog’s normal body temperature range is 99.5-102.5°F (37.5-39.2°C).There are three levels of hypothermia: mild, moderate, and severe.Mild hypothermia occurs when a dog’s body temperature is between 90-99°F (32.2-37.2°C).Moderate hypothermia develops when the dog’s body temperature falls even more, to 82-90°F (27.8-32.2°C).Severe hypothermia develops when the dog’s body temperature falls below 82°F (27.8°C).Giving a dog the right treatment to bring their temperature back up is critical, as hypothermia can cause damage to organs, and it could be fatal.  Some dogs may be at greater risk of hypothermia. Puppies, seniors, and dogs who are thin or small are a few examples. Dogs who are ill, including those with chronic conditions, can also be more susceptible. Also, hairless dogs and those with short coats are other examples.What Causes Hypothermia in Dogs?Dogs who are in the cold for too long are at risk of hypothermia. And if they get wet, their body temperature can drop more rapidly. Never leave a dog outside when it’s too cold or windy, or when it’s raining or snowing.It doesn’t have to be extremely cold for dogs to feel the effects either, as a temperature less than 45°F (7.2°C) could put some dogs at risk. Before going outside with your dog, check the wind chill, too, as this will give you a better idea of what it actually feels like out there, and what the risk of frostbite and hypothermia really is.    Also, certain medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism and shock, could increase a dog’s risk of hypothermia.Symptoms of Hypothermia in DogsAs a dog starts to feel cold, they’ll exhibit changes in behavior. Warming them up right away can prevent them from getting even colder. If hypothermia continues to set in, the situation will become more dire as the symptoms progress.Here are some of the symptoms to watch out for:Mild hypothermia may cause a dog to shiver and experience weakness. They may also be less alert, and may try to find ways to stay warm, such as curling in a ball. If you were to feel the dog’s skin, ears, paws, legs, and tail, they may be cold to the touch.Moderate hypothermia may cause the breathing to become shallow and slow, and the muscles may become stiff, resulting in difficulty moving. The blood pressure may drop, and the dog may be even more lethargic and confused. If you were to check the gums, they may be pale.  Severe hypothermia may cause the pupils to become fixed and dilated, and a dog may have trouble breathing. They may not be as responsive, or they may become unresponsive. Also, they may not be shivering anymore. Collapse and coma may occur.How to Help a Hypothermic DogThe symptoms of hypothermia must be taken seriously. Contact your veterinarian even if you think your dog might only have mild hypothermia, as they can provide guidance on what to do, and they might advise bringing your dog in to be examined and treated.In cases of severe hypothermia, a veterinarian will need to treat your dog, so don’t try to fix this problem yourself.Here are a few steps you can take if your dog has mild hypothermia (again, talk to your vet first to be sure you’re taking the right steps and you can treat this at home):Dry your dog if they’re wet. Bring them to a warm area of your home, such as near a heat source. Wrap them in a blanket—you could even warm it up in the dryer first. Use products like the PetFusion Microplush Quilted Pet Blanket, which is super soft and has a light fill that provides more warmth.

First-ever Canine Parvovirus Treatment Offers Hope for Sick Puppies

Parvovirus - a single word no dog owner wants to hear. Canine parvovirus is one of the most deadly conditions that affect thousands of puppies in the U.S. yearly.Until now, there has been no specific cure for parvovirus, with treatment relying on supportive care. But that changed in May when USDA granted a conditional license for the first-ever canine parvovirus treatment.Developed by Elanco Animal Health Incorporated, the Canine Parvovirus Monoclonal Antibody is a single-dose intravenous injection that has been shown to reduce the length of hospital stay and increase the survival rate of dogs diagnosed with parvovirus. In Elanco’s clinical trials, “zero dogs died when treated with Canine Parvovirus Monoclonal Antibody,” said Kristen Zersen, DVM, DACVECC, assistant professor of small animal emergency and critical care at Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. That’s fantastic news considering that parvo’s mortality rate is around 91% for dogs not treated with supportive care.While the treatment efficiency study focused on eight-week-old puppies, Zersen said that safety studies have shown that the treatment is well tolerated by puppies as young as six weeks old. “The puppies treated with Canine Parvovirus Monoclonal Antibody had significantly faster times to resolution of vomiting, inappetence, and lethargy,” said Zersen. Elanco’s Monoclonal Antibody is the first and only treatment available for parvo which affects around 330,000 dogs each year. Administered intravenously in a single dose, this groundbreaking treatment works by binding to the virus directly, preventing it from entering into host cells. Another great thing about this treatment is that it can be given to dogs at any stage of the disease. The effects of the treatment may vary from one dog to the next but according to Zersen, “Overall the treatment makes for less time, less worry, and less labor helping the dog to feel better faster.”That’s a positive change considering how this deadly disease has been treated in the past. “Traditional canine parvovirus treatment can consist of 24/7 care, three to five days of hospitalization, high pet owner costs, and emotional stress with no guaranteed outcome,” explained Zersen. “Canine Parvovirus Monoclonal Antibody offers a targeted solution. Dogs are treated with one intravenous dose that’s highly effective and proven to decrease mortality and may provide faster resolution of the symptoms of this potentially deadly disease.”Elanco expects to obtain full USDA approval in 2024, but veterinarians are able to get the medicine in the meantime. An eight-week-old pit bull mix was one of the first to receive this lifesaving treatment and knows exactly how effective monoclonal antibodies are. As soon as Cookie started to show symptoms of parvo, including lethargy, lack of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea, her owner brought her to the Fix Project’s Parvo ICU.There, a test confirmed that Cookie has, indeed, contracted parvo. Cookie received Elanco’s Monoclonal Antibody treatment and was admitted to the ICU for supportive care. “We gave the injection, placed a catheter, and gave her the rest of our protocol. And the beautiful part about the drug was we had her in and out. We parvo tested her on Friday, and she came back strong positive. By Sunday, she was eating. And then by Monday, we parvo tested her, and she was going home that day,” Dr. Andrew Cabrera, veterinarian and medical director at The Fix Project, told People in an interview. Cookie was one of the first pups to be treated with Elanco’s Monoclonal Antibody treatment, but she wasn’t the last. Dr. Cabrera shares he has seen similar results in parvo cases he has treated. “The success rate has been night and day,” he said. “We are able to get them eating a little faster and out of the hospital a little more quickly.”Hopefully, vets around the country will include Elanco’s Monoclonal Antibody treatment in current parvo protocols to increase the survival rate and reduce hospitalization time.

Dave Bautista Teams Up With the ASPCA for Giving Tuesday

With an estimated 3.1 million dogs entering U.S. animal shelters every year, the need for funding and support is evident. For many, this is a call to action to find ways to make a difference – including for Guardians of the Galaxy actor Dave Bautista. Starting today, November 28th, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is launching a new fundraising and awareness campaign with 54 Bautista and his four rescue pit bulls in the spotlight. The campaign was created as part of Giving Tuesday, a global response to the corporate focus of Black Friday (as well as Small Business Saturday and Cyber Monday). Rather than highlighting sales and taking advantage of deals through your favorite stores and brands, Giving Tuesday encourages Americans to take a moment and consider how they can make a difference in the lives of others – including, of course, animals in shelters and rescue organizations. Bautista’s involvement in the campaign is motivated by his experiences with animal rescue and its impact on his life. “My home is where my dogs are because there is just such a sense of love,” Bautista stated. “I feel like wherever they are, there’s this sense of normalcy, which is hard for me to attain these days.” He went on to explain, “My first rescue dogs were Ollie and Maggie, and I’ve had them for about five years. I adopted them, and after becoming so connected with them, I started to be more aware of how many dogs are just waiting for someone to give them good, loving homes. You get so much in return when you adopt a pet, and I’m going to preach adoption for the rest of my life.”

Dogs Could Be Wagging Their Tails Because Ancient Humans Loved Rhythm

Doggos love to wag their tails and we love to see it. It is their way of expressing emotions, from unwavering joy and happiness to see you again after a long day at work to a shy greeting to a new face – there are many things a pooch can convey with a simple  tail wag. But have you ever wondered why they do it exactly? Why didn’t dogs evolve to, let’s say, use their ears for nonverbal communication with us? Researchers were wondering the exact same thing, and their latest studies could provide a key insight into why dogs started wagging their tails in the first place.Believe it or not, the origins of this action could potentially be traced to ancient humans who first domesticated dogs. And the study connects the human love of rhythm, with selective breeding and domestication!Dogs were first domesticated by humans sometime between 15,000 and 50,000 years ago. It was a long time ago when dogs first emerged from domesticated wolves and similar canines but some of their ancestral traits, like tail wagging, remain the same. And researchers could finally have an answer for this behavior.“We may not be able to take a time machine back to the beginning of the dog-human relationship, but we can look at dog behavior today in tandem with human behavior to try and understand what that domestication process looked like,” said Dr. Taylor Hersh from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands. “Tail wagging is a very apparent and interesting behavior to start with.”Of course, this is not the first such study, and in the past, many have questioned the wagging of tails. Previously, it was found that hand-reared dog pups will wag their tails far more often than hand-reared wolf pups, showing the clear difference between domesticated and wild animals. Likewise, it was discovered that dogs wag their tails to the right mostly in response to positive experiences, usually when seeing their owners. And they’d wag them to the left in potentially aggressive situations. And now, researchers linked this behavior to the ancient process of domestication. This means that dog tail wagging has developed because dogs have an inherent genetic link towards behaviors that humans want - like tameness and docility. “We put forth a new hypothesis that humans consciously or unconsciously selected for tail wagging during the domestication process because we are very attracted to rhythmic stimuli,” said Silvia Leonetti, another member of the team.Ancient humans had a very distinct attraction to rhythm and rhythmic actions, so there could be a very logical link here. Dr. Holly Root-Gutteridge, a dog researcher at the University of Lincoln, also proposed that tail wagging was developed during the long domestication process as an adaptation by the dogs, as humans likely found barking irritating. “We’re a highly visual species and may appreciate the rhythm, it’s an interesting thought that should be explored, though I’m not sure we’re really responding that much to it,” she said. What is more, she added that wolves too wag their tails in certain situations in the wild. “I suspect ancestral humans saw tail wags as a positive, easy to read sign in wolves, and developed it the way we talk with our hands – as a communicative gesture that we can easily understand.”

Are Dog Bars the New Dog Park?

Socializing with other pet parents over a cold one, just got easier!

Study Confirms Dogs Prefer Food Over Toys

If someone asked you to pick between your favorite toy or your favorite food, what would you choose? If your answer is food, you’re not alone - researchers have found that dogs prefer their favorite food over their favorite toy. It’s no secret that dogs like playing with their toys, but the goal of this new study was to determine whether toys make an effective training reward.In the first study of its kind, researchers from the University of Florida found that nine out of 10 dogs will choose food over toys. For the purposes of this study, researchers used social media advertisement and word-of-mouth to recruit 10 dogs from the local area. The dogs participating in the study come from a range of breeds, including two German shepherds, a labrador, a German shorthaired pointer, and six mixed breeds. Researchers allowed the dogs to pick their favorite food and favorite toy. Each dog was shown six food items - including a hotdog, cheese, carrot, hard dog treat, soft dog treat, and kibble - and six toys -  such as a ball, squeak toy, bone, tug toy, stuffed animal, and empty plastic water bottle. Each dog had an opportunity to pick their favorite food and favorite toy. During the next phase of the experiment, the dogs were given progressively more difficult tasks to get a reward. The dogs were rewarded with either their favorite food or favorite toy. The researchers discovered that nine out of 10 dogs gave up on the task earlier when rewarded with their favorite toy, as opposed to when given their favorite food. These findings show that dogs are more motivated to work for food than toys.Previous studies have shown that dogs prefer human attention to food but, until now, there has been little research into how dogs rank their favorite toys. “I was surprised, but nobody’s looked at how dogs will work for toys versus food before,” said Dr. Nicol Dorey, the lead author of the study.The researchers hope that these new findings could be useful for dog owners trying to train their dogs. “Understanding a dog’s preferred reward can be essential for shaping behavior effectively,” concluded the researchers.Some dog trainers recommend using toys instead of treats while training, to prevent excess calorie intake and to keep the training more fun for the dog. If you decide to train your puppy using toys, the key is not to offer food at any step of the training. “You can definitely train your dog with toys if you start really early,” Dr Dorey said. “This is what’s done with search and rescue dogs, they start really early with toys as a reinforcer.”The researchers noted that more research is needed, especially since human attention acts as a strong reinforcer when training dogs. “I think the next study should look at all three - attention, food, and toys - and what dogs really like the best when training,” said Dr Dorey. Regardless of what the next study finds, I’m sure my pooch would pick food over me and toys any day of the week. What about your dog -  are they team food or team toys?

Can Dogs Have Sleep Apnea?

If you’ve ever heard your dog snoring, you might’ve wondered if sleep apnea is a condition that can affect canines like it does humans. The answer is, yes, dogs can have sleep apnea, although it is rare, and certain breeds may be at greater risk. Below is some information on sleep apnea in dogs, including research, symptoms, and possible treatment options.

Is Dog Snoring Normal?

Does it sound like your pet’s sawing wood whenever they take a nap? We hear you. It just so happens that dogs can snore like humans do, and some do it quite often and quite loudly. But what causes snoring in dogs, and is it normal? And is there a way to limit, reduce, or altogether eliminate it? Here are all the deets on dog snoring you need to know.Is Dog Snoring Normal?First off, yes, dog snoring can be completely normal. Just like humans, dogs can snore for various reasons. In most cases, it is not something you should worry about. Still, it can be somewhat distracting, and you might want to know what causes it. A number of factors can contribute to this issue – here are the most common ones.Brachycephalic Breeds:Dogs with short noses and flat faces, known as brachycephalic breeds, are more prone to snoring. This conformation can lead to narrower air passages, making it harder for air to flow smoothly during breathing. Examples of brachycephalic breeds include Bulldogs, Pugs, Boxers, and Shih Tzus.Weight:Overweight, chubby dogs may snore more frequently because excess weight can put pressure on their airways. Combined with excess fat on their neck, and the sleeping position, their snoring can be quite loud, especially during sleep. Age:Believe it or not, age can cause snoring as well! Older dogs may snore more frequently and loudly as they age, just like some humans. Age can affect the muscles and tissues in a dog's throat. Older dogs may experience a relaxation of these tissues, contributing to snoring. Don't hold it against your senior furry friend, they can't help it!Sleeping Environment:Ultimately, the environment in which a dog sleeps can influence snoring. For example, if the room is too dry, it may irritate the nasal passages, or if it's too warm, dogs may breathe with their mouths open, contributing to snoring. Try to find an ideal environment for them, or consider using an air humidifier to moisturize dry air.

Is A Wet Dog's Nose Good or Bad?

A dog’s nose is their tool for discovering the world around them through scent, but dog noses are important for much more than sniffing – the state of your pet’s nose can sometimes be indicative of their health. It can be dry and flaky or wet and soft, so what is better? Is a dry nose a bad sign? Or a wet one? Or are they both normal? These are the questions that are often proving to be troubling for dog owners. So let’s try and answer them once and for all!Is A Wet Dog's Nose Good or Bad?A wet dog's nose is usually a sign of good health. Most often, the nose is wet because the doggo is licking it! They do this frequently in order to keep them clean and to enhance their sense of smell. In fact, a moist nose helps them trap scent particles more effectively. The moisture on their nose captures scent molecules from the air, allowing them to better identify and track smells. This ability is crucial for tasks such as hunting, tracking, and even detecting certain medical conditions in humans. 

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