What is Feline Acne?

by Lisa Selvaggio

Published: June 23rd, 2016

Is that a zit on your cat’s face?! As unbelievable as it sounds, there is such a thing as Feline Acne.

Cats can develop acne, but if it does occur on your kitty, it will most likely be found on the lower lip and chin.

If your pet has feline acne, it could be a one-time thing, as some kitties may experience single episodes that end up resolving and not returning. However, there are other kitties who might have acne as a recurring condition for the duration of their lives.

Every cat is different, so one kitty who has feline acne may have frequent flare-ups, while another may have less frequent flare-ups. Also, one cat’s flare-up may be more serious than another cat’s condition.

Having an understanding of feline acne will help you recognize it and work with your veterinarian to provide your pet with the appropriate treatment.

What Causes Feline Acne?

Hair follicles throughout your cat’s lower lip and chin could get clogged with sebum, and this may lead to acne on your kitty’s face. But in addition to clogged hair follicles, cats with acne might have a secondary bacterial infection as well.

Although the exact cause of cat acne isn’t clear, there are a few factors that can lead to its development. For example, it might be the result of poor grooming habits or a suppressed immune system. Abnormalities in oil production or problems within the skin surface, such as hair follicles that don’t function properly, can also be factors. If your cat excessively grooms himself, to the point that his chin is rubbing on his fur repeatedly, this might also lead to acne. Other causes include contact and atopic dermatitis, as well as stress.

Gender, breed, and age aren’t considered factors in whether or not your cat will get acne at any point in his life.

Related: Understanding IBD in Cats

What Does Feline Acne Look Like?

Feline acne could result in whiteheads or blackheads, watery crusts, a swollen chin, and minor red pimples. Severe cases, however, could result in bleeding crusts, hair loss, pustules, nodules, and redness. There could also be itchiness or pain in severe cases.

If you notice these symptoms, your vet may be able to diagnose the problem simply through a physical exam, though s/he might also perform a skin scraping or biopsy to rule out other conditions. Also, if your vet suspects that there is a secondary bacterial infection affecting your pet, a culture and sensitivity test might also be used.

Treatment for Feline Acne

If your cat is diagnosed with feline acne, the treatment will depend upon the cause and severity of the problem. Antiseptic cleansers, topical shampoos, and antibiotics may be recommended by your vet in order to thoroughly clean the infected area and clear up the acne.

If your cat has a recurring acne problem, your vet might prescribe a long-term treatment plan. And if there is a secondary bacterial infection or a high amount of inflammation present, your vet will prescribe the appropriate medications.

Talk to your vet about the cat bowls that you’re using, too, as certain materials could lead to allergic reactions, and a shallow dish rather than a deeper bowl might be helpful.

Finally, if your kitty has acne as a result of poor grooming habits, or if your cat is prone to developing acne, you can help by cleaning his chin regularly. You can also start a cleansing program for extending the time between relapses if your cat suffers from acne a lot.

Now that you know a bit about feline acne, you can keep an eye out for the signs that your kitty may be dealing with this condition. Because there are a variety of different possible causes for this skin problem, talk to your vet to figure out exactly what you should do to keep your cat’s skin healthy.

Lisa Selvaggio

Lisa Selvaggio is a freelance writer and editor, and our resident cats-pert, with certifications in pet nutrition and pet first aid. She enjoys producing content that helps people understand animals better so they can give their pets a safe and happy home.

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What Is Feline Whisker Fatigue?

Who knew that whiskers could get so tired? It’s true, and whisker fatigue could be causing your cat some serious stress around mealtimes. One of your cat’s many eye-catching features is her set of long whiskers. But did you know that whiskers aren’t just there to make your pet look super cute? And did you know that your kitty might end up experiencing a problem known as “whisker fatigue”? Whisker fatigue is something that a lot of cat owners have probably never heard of, but it could be making your kitty an unhappy feline. So, it’s important to have a general understanding of what this is all about, and it’s a good idea to become familiar with the signs of whisker fatigue. That way, you can help your furry friend feel better right away. To help you out, we’ve compiled some handy information below. Continue reading to learn about what whisker fatigue is, as well as what you can do to stop it. And, remember, if you aren’t sure if your cat is experiencing whisker fatigue or she isn’t acting like herself, it’s a great idea to have a chat with your vet to address all of your questions and concerns. First Off, What’s Whisker Fatigue? Your pet’s whiskers are more than just long, thick hairs that look adorable and perfectly complement your kitty’s face. You might not realize it, but those whiskers play a critical role, and they’re actually really impressive. Related: How Much Should I Feed My Cat? At the end of every whisker is a proprioceptor, which is a sensory organ that sends signals to the nervous system and brain. Proprioceptors are so sensitive that they can detect vibrations within the air, and they help your cat get around in dark rooms and tight spaces. Also, because felines are farsighted, whiskers give them what they need to essentially be able to see what’s in front of their faces. Incredible, right? Whiskers are pretty awesome, there is no denying that. But, because they are highly sensitive, over time, they can become stressed and fatigued after having a lot of unnecessary contact with objects, such as with the sides of a food bowl. This is when whisker fatigue might occur, and it isn’t something that you want your kitty to experience. Thankfully, there are steps you can take at home to help those whiskers feel good again. What Are the Symptoms of Whisker Fatigue? How can you tell if your feline companion is feeling whisker fatigue? Well, there are certain signs that you can look out for—just another reason to keep an eye on your pet every day to see if there are any changes in her behavior that need to be addressed. If your cat is exhibiting the following behaviors, she might be dealing with whisker fatigue, which can be annoying and painful: Pulling food out of the bowl to eat it on the floor insteadLeaving food behind in the bowl, despite still being hungryBehaving aggressively towards other pets while eatingMaking a mess with her food on the floorShowing signs of hunger, but hesitating to eat by pacing near her food bowl or standing next to it for some time prior to eating Note: As is the case with a lot of symptoms, these might also be signs that something else is wrong. If you aren’t sure whether whisker fatigue is to blame, you could always contact your veterinarian to discuss what’s going on with your cat and get some valuable advice and guidance on what to do next. What Can You Do? It’s All About the Bowls Thankfully, the solution for whisker fatigue is pretty simple, as it involves merely switching the type of food and water bowls that you’re using. This is because whisker fatigue can occur when the wrong type of bowl is used. What type of food and water bowls will make a difference? Well, the right bowl will be ergonomically appropriate for your kitty’s face, making eating a comfortable and enjoyable experience rather than a frustrating or painful one. Related: Tame Your Cat’s Hairballs with Wellness Natural Hairball Control Formula There are several cat food bowls on the market that are designed to relieve and prevent whisker fatigue, such as Dr. Catsby’s Feline Remedies bowl. But even if you don’t buy a product that is made specifically for whisker fatigue prevention, you can search for other food and water dishes and bowls that will provide the same type of relief. For instance, you can look for a food bowl that’s designed with a shallow, wide shape so your cat can easily access her food without having her whiskers stimulated or pulled back. The right design will also prevent your cat from having to painfully push her nose into the inside edges of the bowl in order to get to the food there. And, when it comes to water bowls, look for one that’s wide so your kitty can drink the water from the middle of the bowl without affecting the whiskers. With the wide variety of pet products that are out there these days, you can quickly find new bowls that your cat will feel comfortable using. So, the good news is it’s easy to help your pet enjoy her meals and snacks again. Choose the Right Material

What Is Feline Leukemia?

Are you worried about feline leukemia and how it can affect your cat? Here’s what pet parents need to know about the deadly virus.Feline leukemia virus, or FeLV, is a retrovirus that affects felines all over the world. This cat disease is only second to trauma as the leading cause of death amongst felines, and it will kill roughly 85 percent of infected cats within three years.Similar to FIV, Feline leukemia causes a suppression of the immune system, so it can predispose a cat to other infections that can be deadly. But there is some good news: roughly 70 percent of felines that encounter FeLV will be able to resist it or eliminate it on their own.Let’s talk more about this virus, as well as steps you can take to help prevent infections.Related: Top 5 Reasons To Raise An Indoor CatTransmission of Feline LeukemiaCats who are infected with FeLV will shed the virus through their nasal secretions and saliva, as well as in their feces, urine, and blood. Mother cats can also pass the virus to their kittens before birth or through their milk.The virus can be transferred from one cat to another through bite wounds and grooming. Sharing litter boxes and food and water bowls can be another mode of transmission.Once outside a cat’s body, though, the virus will only last a few hours under normal conditions, so it doesn’t last long in the environment.Related: What Is FIV In Cats?Symptoms of Feline LeukemiaAccording to Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, FeLV is “the most common cause of cancer in cats.” Infection can also negatively affect your pet’s body in myriad other ways, including creating an immune deficient state that makes your cat susceptible to a host of other infections. The virus can also lead to blood disorders.A cat may not exhibit any symptoms in the early stages, but within weeks, months, or years, the animal’s health could deteriorate progressively or he may have recurring illnesses in between periods of health.During the primary, or early, stage of infection, some felines may have an effective immune response. These cats may be able to eliminate FeLV from their blood, thereby halting its progression.The secondary, or later, stage causes persistent infection of tissue and bone marrow. This is the point of no return, when the majority of felines with the virus will be infected for the rest of their lives.Some of the symptoms associated with Feline Leukemia include:Yellow color within the cat’s mouth and in the whites of the eyesPale gums and mucus membranesInflammation of the mouth and gumsEnlarged lymph nodesWeight loss that is slow but progressive at first, with severe wasting laterLoss of appetiteSkin, upper respiratory, and bladder infectionsPoor coat conditionFeverProgressive lethargy and weaknessDiarrheaDifficulty breathingReproductive issues in females who haven’t been spayedBehavior changes, neurological disorders, seizuresEye conditionsTreatments of Feline LeukemiaRegular checkups (twice a year) and preventive health care may help FeLV-positive cats feel well and prevent secondary infections, but 85 percent of felines who are persistently infected with this virus will die from it, usually within three years of being diagnosed. Secondary infections are treated as they occur, but there’s no cure for FeLV.Prevention of Feline LeukemiaIt’s important to note that a cat may be infected even if he appears healthy. And if he’s infected, he may transfer the virus to another cat. Therefore, having your cat tested before introducing him to the rest of your feline family is one way to prevent transmission.You should keep your cats indoors as much as possible to avoid them encountering other felines who may be infected with FeLV.There is a FeLV vaccination, though you should discuss the pros and cons of vaccinating your cat with your vet, who knows your pet best and can steer you in the right direction. Bear in mind that not every cat who’s vaccinated will be protected against FeLV, so you should still take steps to prevent exposure.

What Is Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome?

A condition that can prove to be uncomfortable in cats, feline hyperesthesia syndrome cause increased skin sensitivity. Feline hyperesthesia syndrome is also often referred to as twitch-skin syndrome, twitchy cat syndrome, rolling skin syndrome, atypical neurodermatitis, psychomotor epilepsy, and neuritis. No matter what you call it, though, it’s a condition that causes your kitty to feel increased sensitivity in the skin, so you can imagine how uncomfortable it can be. Check out the information below to learn more about feline hyperesthesia and what you can do if your cat has been diagnosed with it. Related: What Is Feline Whisker Fatigue? The Causes Feline hyperesthesia syndrome affects the skin, as well as the neuromuscular system and nervous system. Unfortunately, experts aren’t entirely sure about what the actual cause could be of this rare condition. Some experts believe that there might be a link between a seizure disorder and hyperesthesia, or that dry, itchy skin caused by a deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet might contribute to symptoms. Others have theorized that it’s a form of obsessive-compulsive disorder, or that it might be the result of a cat feeling stressed. Related: How To Relax A Stressed Cat The Symptoms Symptoms of feline hyperesthesia could develop at any age, and the condition can occur in all breeds. A cat that suffers from hyperesthesia syndrome might end up licking and biting her own body, such as her limbs, tail, and back. Here are some of the other signs that your cat might have hyperesthesia: The skin on your cat’s back might ripple from the shoulders to the tailYour cat might jump suddenly and turn towards her tail, as if there’s something bothering herYou might notice muscle twitching, tail twitching, and/or muscle spasmsYour cat might not like being touched on certain areas of her back when you go to pet herYour cat might behave erratically, seem agitated, and have dilated pupilsYour cat might cry out, hiss, or run suddenly, and you might think she’s hallucinating because it looks like she’s going after something that isn’t thereSevere cases may lead to self-mutilation through chewing, licking, pulling out fur, and biting. As a result, there might be lesions and infections that develop on the skin. Generally, these symptoms will occur in episodes that could last just a few seconds or a few minutes. In between the episodes, your kitty will act like nothing is wrong. Touching your cat in the wrong spot, though, might trigger an episode. The Treatments If your kitty starts exhibiting the signs of feline hyperesthesia syndrome, it’s a great idea to talk to your veterinarian, who will examine your pet and rule out other problems that have similar symptoms. If hyperesthesia is the cause of your cat’s symptoms, it’s important to know that there isn’t a definitive cure for this condition. Instead, your vet might recommend giving your pet prescription medications, such as anticonvulsants or antidepressants. Reducing your cat’s stress and anxiety levels through environmental enrichment may also be helpful, or you might be advised to make changes to your kitty’s diet. Plus, natural remedies, such as acupuncture, massage, and supplements, might be recommended, too. The Bottom Line Feline hyperesthesia is not well understood, but there are steps that you can take to help your cat get relief. Working closely with your vet is the ideal way to figure out what will work best for your kitty.

What Is Feline Cerebellar Hypoplasia?

A developmental disorder, Feline Cerebellar Hypoplasia affects the way a cat walks. Here’s what you should know about the illness and what can be done. If you’ve ever seen a cat, whether online, in a shelter, or on TV, who can’t quite walk straight, you may have already heard of feline cerebellar hypoplasia. But what is this condition, and is it something that a cat can live with? The Basics: What It Is and What Causes It Cerebellar hypoplasia is a developmental disorder that can affect cats. It occurs when the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain responsible for controlling coordination, balance, and fine motor skills, doesn’t develop as it should. Thankfully, feline cerebellar hypoplasia isn’t contagious, nor is it painful. Related: 7 Common Cat Health Problems This condition commonly afflicts kittens after a pregnant cat is infected with the panleukopenia virus. The infection is passed from the mother to the unborn kittens, and the virus ends up attacking cells that rapidly divide. It is during the last few weeks of a cat’s pregnancy, as well as the first weeks following a kitten’s birth, that the cerebellum experiences a period of fast development and growth. So, as you probably already guessed, that leaves the area susceptible to the virus’ attack. But this doesn’t mean that every kitten in a litter will be affected. In some cases, only one kitten might be impacted, while in other cases, an entire litter could be afflicted with cerebellar hypoplasia. Other potential causes include genetic factors, trauma, exposure to toxins, and nutritional deficiencies. For example, if a cat is malnourished while she is pregnant, cerebellar hypoplasia might develop in her kittens. The condition could also occur if a kitten endures trauma to the brain while the cerebellum is still developing. The Symptoms: What It Looks Like The symptoms associated with cerebellar hypoplasia might be apparent at birth or a short period of time after birth. However, symptoms will typically become even more obvious when a kitten starts to stand and walk. This is usually around the age of six weeks. Related: What Is Feline Distemper? The more the cerebellum was impacted, the more severe the symptoms will be. The severity of symptoms could also depend upon the stage of development during which the kitten was affected. Common symptoms of feline cerebellar hypoplasia include: Uncoordinated, clumsy, and unsteady walkingJerky movements, an inability to judge distance, flipping over, and fallingTremors (These go away while the animal sleeps. They can include head and limb tremors and intention tremors, which happen when the pet attempts to make a movement, such as during play or eating.)Swaying motions when walkingHypermetria (a “goose-stepping walk”) Diagnosis and Treatment: The Options Available Unfortunately, there isn’t a lab test that can detect cerebellar hypoplasia. Providing your veterinarian with a list of symptoms and a health history on your pet will be helpful during a physical exam. Your vet may also order a complete blood count, blood chemical profile, urinalysis, and electrolyte panel to determine if other causes might be the reason for your pet’s symptoms. And to check the size of the cerebellum (a kitten with cerebellar hypoplasia will have a smaller cerebellum), your vet may order an MRI. Also unfortunate is the fact that there is no treatment available for feline cerebellar hypoplasia, as it is the result of poor brain development. The disorder will be permanent, but cats can live a normal life and learn to adapt to getting around with this condition. Plus, following the infant stage, a kitten typically won’t exhibit signs that the disease is progressing or worsening. If your cat has cerebellar hypoplasia, what you can do is make adjustments to your home to help prevent accidents and injuries. You can have your pet neutered or spayed, and you can also have other cats in your household. However, a cat with cerebellar hypoplasia should be kept indoors at all times. Work with your vet to determine the severity of your pet’s symptoms and to figure out what measures can be taken to ensure your kitty can live a happy and comfortable life. CH Cats: Special Needs Pets That Are Full of Love In the end, kitties with cerebellar hypoplasia are just special needs pets that are full of love and deserving of homes. So if you’re willing to adopt a kitten or adult cat with CH, consider checking shelters and foster networks to find your new furry best friend.

What Is Feline Group Scent?

Your kitty’s nose knows… especially when there are other cats around. If you’ve got more than one cat, you’ll want to know all about feline group scent. Your cat has a sensitive sense of smell. According to Pam Johnson-Bennett, cats’ nostrils have roughly 200 million scent receptors, while humans only have roughly 5 million. This means that your kitty can smell things that you can’t, and he’s always using his nose to assess the environment and identify other felines. What’s also interesting about felines is the fact that they have what’s known as group scent. Let’s talk about what group scent is and how your cat uses it daily. What Is Group Scent? Group scent is established amongst two or more felines, so if you have a multi-cat household, there will be a group scent. This communal scent within your cats’ environment will provide them with a sense of comfort, and they’ll develop the scent by rubbing against one another, grooming each other, and head bunting. Related: How to Introduce Your Cat to a New Dog As your cats scent one another, they create the group scent, or a scent for their feline community. But the act of rubbing against one another to share their scents is also a sign of affection. In fact, as the common scent is created, the bond between friendly felines becomes stronger, and more peace can be enjoyed amongst felines who don’t get along so well. How You Can Use Group Scent to Create a Happy Home In a multi-cat household with kitties who don’t get along, and who don’t rub against each other or mutually groom one another, a group scent would be lacking. The cats might just learn to coexist without forming a bond, or they may prefer being solitary. They might even display hostile behaviors towards each other, or they may end up urine marking or claw marking their environment. If this is the case in your home, you can help create a group scent and perhaps help your kitties get along. Do this by brushing all of your cats every day using the same brush on all of them. Of course, every cat should be calm, should want to be brushed, and should be fine with smelling another kitty’s scent on the brush. In this way, you’ll create a social bond between the cats by distributing their scent to one another for them. The cats may end up feeling like they belong to a group, and this could lead to positive social interaction. Related: 6 Easy Ways to Make Your Cat Happy Just make sure that you brush your cats along the rib cage, shoulders, neck, and head, as these are areas where they retain their group scent. Always utilize the same brush, and don’t throw away the fur that’s collected between brushings. Obviously, you’ll remove the fur when the brush is full, but keep it there as you groom one cat and then the other in order to spread the scent out. Prior to brushing your cat, though, allow him to smell the brush, and proceed only if the cat’s reaction is calm. Rotate the order of the cats that are brushed so that they all share their scents with each other. A Word of Caution Although some experts recommend the brushing method above, others, such as Pam Johnson-Bennett, disagree that this is a good way to establish group scent because the cats have no way to escape the scent that you’re putting on them. As a result, a cat can become even more stressed or aggressive. If you find that sharing the same brush amongst your cats doesn’t work and it’s making even just one of your kitties unhappy, try a different approach that allows your pets to move away from a scent that they don’t like. For example, you can take a sock and rub it on one of your cats and then leave it in another cat’s area. That kitty may decide to sniff the sock and stick around, or he may choose to retreat. Whenever your pet does move towards the sock, you can incorporate clicker training and reward the behavior. But if your kitty backs away, he may just need more time, so be patient and work at his pace. A feline’s sense of smell plays an important role in social behavior. Because your kitty’s nose is able to pick up on scents a lot more strongly than you can, keep that in mind when you consider using perfumes, air fresheners, scented detergents and cleaners, or scented litter. Group scent, combined with a nose that isn’t irritated by harsh fragrances, will help keep all of your cats happy.

These Are The 10 Most Common Male and Female Dog Names, Survey Reveals

Naming a new puppy that’s come into the world or thinking of a name to symbolize a new beginning for a rescue dog is a precious moment – but sometimes you need a bit of inspiration to think of a fitting name for your fur baby. Some people prefer names with personal meaning or symbolism, but most just sift through name lists in hopes of finding one that fits our pooch and sounds nice. Well, this list can help you find the most popular names for dogs these days and see if any of them stick!  Sniffspot, the so-called “AirBnB of dog parks”, went through their massive database of 100,000 dog names and through hard work determined the 10 most common boy and girl dog names. The results are very interesting – take a look!Here are the top 10 male dog names:10. Leo:A very unique name that’s quick on the tongue, and very fitting for large and majestic doggos. A lion always comes to mind.9. Ollie:Believe it or not, Ollie is a gender-neutral name, but fits perfectly with energetic and goofy male puppers.8. Moose:Who would think that Moose is such a common dog name? It is fun, that is for sure, and strangely fitting too.7. Zeus:The mighty God of thunder in Ancient Greece has come a long way over the centuries. Nowadays, his name is given to dogs!6. Oliver:A classic, elegant, and fun name that, although used for humans, fits doggos as well. 5. Finn:An old-timey name that belongs on the pages of some good youth novel, Finn is remarkably fitting for puppers.4. Loki:The trickster god of the Old Norse has found his way into the modern age in a rather odd way. Lately, Norse gods are a popular choice for dog names.3. Bear:How adorable would it be to name your tiny little pup Bear? 2. Cooper:A simple but very fun name that works well for male pets of all characters and sizes.1. Milo:A very ancient-sounding name, Milo is the number one choice of many owners. Are you surprised that this is number 1? Well, you saw the most common names for boy dogs, so now it’s the girls’ turn. Let’s see their list!10. Sadie:This adorable female dog name, it brings to mind the summer, flowers, and all things girly.9. Nova:In stark contrast to Sadie, Nova sounds quite futuristic, and strong, and rolls easily off the tongue. Did you know that a Nova is an astronomical term? It is the name given to bright stars that appear suddenly in the sky and release powerful energy. Wonderful symbolism.8. Willow:Back to vintage and cozy-sounding names with Willow, a true classic that belongs to the pages of an old children’s book.7. Nala:Here’s a name that is quite a surprise. It is unique, modern, and not heard that often. But, according to this survey, it belongs with other most common female dog names!6. Stella:A name of Latin origin, it translates to “star”. And what better name to give to your zoomy, fun, and lovely female pup?5. Bailey:This is another fun and homely name that is often given to pets. Any similarity with a favorite drink is pure coincidence!4. Lucy:If you have a kind, loveable, and gentle female doggo, then you cannot go wrong with a name such as Lucy!3. Daisy:This is one of the most popular names given to animals, especially cows. But surprisingly, it works well for dogs too!2. Bella:A classic feminine name, Bella is ideal for all female puppers, no matter their character.1. Luna:And the number one female dog's name is Luna, which is Latin for “Moon”. It is simple and pretty, which makes it an easy choice for many owners!So, were you surprised by this survey? What is your favorite dog name? Let us know!

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Researchers Find Genetic Links Between Human and Canine Brain Tumors

In a groundbreaking study, researchers have discovered striking similarities between the most common type of brain tumor in dogs and humans - meningioma. These findings were published in the scientific journal Acta Neuropathologica. Until now, scientists struggled to find reliable experimental models to understand the biology of and develop effective treatments for these tumors. But thanks to these newly discovered similarities, doctors will be able to use a classification system that identifies these aggressive tumors in humans and pooches.“The discovery that naturally occurring canine tumors closely resemble their human counterparts opens numerous avenues of exploring the biology of these challenging tumors,” said Dr. Akash Patel, an associate professor of neurosurgery at Baylor College of Medicine and principal investigator at the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Duncan NRI) at Texas Children’s Hospital. “It also provides opportunities for developing and studying novel treatments applicable to both humans and dogs,” he added.During the study, researchers analyzed 62 dog meningiomas from 27 breeds and found that the tumors were remarkably similar to the same kinds of tumors in humans. To this date, this is the largest study of the gene expression profiles of the canine meningioma. Others, including Dr. Jonathan Levine, a VMBS professor and the head of the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (VSCS), and Dr. Tiemo Klisch, assistant professor at Baylor College of Medicine and Principal Investigator at Duncan NRI, were involved in the study along Dr. Patel. Meanwhile, assistant professor Dr. Beth Boudreau was a key collaborator. Previous work done by Levine, Boudreau, and others at VMBS, which found similarities between gliomas - the second most common type of brain tumors - in humans and dogs, was instrumental for Patel’s study. “We ended up agreeing to provide Patel with canine tumor samples we had worked years and years to achieve, to see if he could isolate the RNA, which is not always easy to do,” said Levine, in a statement. “He was able to produce this very robust data set that showed a similar pattern structure to human tumors. Our team also provided Dr. Patel with key clinical outcome data, including responses to certain treatments.”Now that the researchers have found a link between brain tumors in humans and dogs they hope to establish clinical trials to continue their research. Setting up this type of clinical trial can take several years of planning and requires funding.“We are really interested in creating wins for both human and animal medicine,” said Levine. “For example, we hope to give dog owners access to therapy that’s not available anywhere else in the world through clinical trials. At the same time, that information will also inform the next step of human trials.”As it happens, another group of researchers from the University of California, Davis, conducted a similar study with matching results about meningioma in humans and dogs. This study was also published in the scientific journal Acta Neuropathologica.Now, the two research groups plan to collaborate in the future and share their findings to develop treatment options for both human and canine brain tumors. “If we do one trial, we’d be able to enroll patients a lot more quickly, which would make it easier to get larger data sets resulting in stronger findings. So we have a lot of interest in doing a collaborative trial,” added Levine. “We really see the team out in California as potential partners.” Thanks to this groundbreaking research, scientists now have a better understanding of brain tumors and are one step closer to developing life-saving treatments for both humans and dogs. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Study Shows Shape of a Dog’s Head Can Actually Affect Their Sleep

If you have noticed that your dog’s sleep quality is reduced, or that they have begun to snore heavily, there might be an unusual reason behind it – the shape of your pet’s head! Snoring problems can be quite common for many dogs, but they are most often seen in brachycephalic dogs – basically, dogs with flat faces. For example, this is the key characteristic of the  French Bulldog, one of the world’s most popular breeds. In the USA, and in Hungary where the research for these claims was conducted, the goofy little French Bulldog holds the place of the number one most common pet dog breed. And that means that some health-related issues, stemming from their flat-face appearance, are coming into the foreground. Their shortened skulls and brachycephalic morphology result in sleep problems, snoring, difficulties with breathing, and deteriorative brain morphology changes. According to the latest  study by a Hungarian research team, flat-faced dogs tend to sleep more because their breed suffers from sleep apnea and thus their daytime sleepiness is increased. Thus, their REM (deep) sleep phase is much longer than their non-REM sleep, while the EEG patterns in their sleep indicate signs of white matter loss. And while some owners across the world see these Bulldogs and their extremely flat skulls as an attractive or unique feature, it is, nonetheless, a major health hazard. These breeds, for example, the French Bulldog, the Pug, and the English Bulldog tend to live around 3 to 4 years less than other dogs, and in many cases, they don’t even live to adulthood.Some will even have to undergo surgery to correct their musculoskeletal, respiratory, and eye problems, which can cause them a lot of problems throughout their lives. To make matters worse, the rounded and short skull of these dogs results in a distorted and rounded brain, which could affect neural functioning.All this resulted in the Hungarian team’s extensive research into the sleep of these breeds. They studied the sleep of 92 dogs, using EEG. "In the sleep lab, dogs spend about three hours with their owners. As nothing exciting happens, the dogs fall asleep quickly. Meanwhile, we conduct the electrical potential generated by the brain activity with electrodes glued to their scalps," says Anna Kis, who is considered a pioneer in the study of sleeping dogs and a researcher at the HUN-REN Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology. "We wanted to investigate whether flat-faced dogs sleep differently from other dogs, as they are known to suffer from oxygen deprivation due to respiratory problems and therefore have poorer quality sleep. We found that the flat-faced dogs slept more in the three hours given to them during the study. More daytime sleep is probably compensation for insufficient sleep at night.”Ivaylo Iotchev, the first author of a study of dog sleep patterns that was published in the Journal of Brain Structure and Function, adds "In the present study, we found that brachycephalic dogs had decreased beta waves and increased delta compared to dogs with longer noses. The frequency of sleep spindles increased. This pattern has previously been associated with poorer learning in dogs and loss of white matter in humans."He also adds "There may be several reasons for our results. The most interesting of these is that it seems as if the flat-faced dogs have retained the sleep pattern of puppyhood, similarly to newborns who spend more time in REM sleep.”If you own a brachycephalic dog and have been seeing a lack of quality in their sleep, these studies might provide the answers you are looking for – your pooch’s genetics might be to blame for their poor sleep.

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Can You Use Dog Flea Products on Cats?

Final Thoughts – Safe Flea Prevention for CatsWhile flea prevention is an important step to keep your cat safe and healthy, you must ensure that the products you are purchasing are made for use on cats. Many dog flea prevention products include highly toxic chemicals to cats, making them potentially life-threatening.If you suspect you have recently used the wrong flea treatment on your cat, wash the area immediately with soap and water to remove as much of the product as possible. Call your vet for an immediate emergency appointment or make your way to the nearest emergency clinic. These products can be lethal, and time is of the essence.For those concerned about the risks of fleas and flea-transmitted diseases, highly effective products are available that are safe for your kitty. When shopping, read the packaging carefully to ensure it says it is made for use on cats. If you are still unsure, ask your veterinarian for recommendations.Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Can You Prevent Joint Pain in Dogs?

As dogs near their golden years, different health issues tend to pop up – sometimes completely out of the blue, and sometimes a little less unexpectedly. One of the more common health problems dogs experience as they age that can be predicted fairly easily and as such prevented on time are joint issues. Providing proper support for your dog while they are still young and agile can dramatically improve their quality of life later on, so it pays to start thinking ahead when it comes to joint health, especially if your pet is in a high-risk group for developing this type of problem (large breed dogs, working breeds, highly active dogs, etc). Here’s what you need to know to make sure your pet doesn’t suffer from joint pain in their senior years.5 Crucial Steps to Prevent Joint Pain in DogsWhile some factors contributing to joint pain are beyond our control, there are different proactive steps we can take to support our pet's joint health:#1 Maintain a Healthy WeightJust as in humans, obesity in dogs exacerbates joint strain and can accelerate the onset of joint problems. A balanced diet will go a long way in helping your pet maintain a healthy weight, so strive to ensure they are getting only quality food that is based mostly on protein and doesn’t contain unhealthy fats and too many fillers such as soy or corn.#2 Provide Regular ExerciseModerate, low-impact exercise helps keep joints limber and muscles strong. However, be mindful of your dog's limitations, as pushing them too far can end up being counterproductive. Activities like swimming and walks are excellent choices, just make sure to tailor the pace to your pet’s capabilities.#3 Quality Supplementation Providing a diet rich in essential nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, glucosamine, and chondroitin, supports joint health. However, even when feeding a good quality kibble, it’s not always feasible to rely on your pet’s diet alone to be enough to provide all of these joint-nurturing ingredients in the right ratio. This is where dog joint supplements come in to enrich your pet’s diet with specific nutrients. 

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What Are the Benefits of Dog Massage?

Everyone likes a nice, relaxing massage – no doubt about it. It helps us unwind, soothes sore muscles, and can promote the release of “happy hormones” such as endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine. So why shouldn’t our four-legged friends enjoy the same perks as we do? That’s right, dogs can enjoy getting a massage as well, and can also provide a range of benefits for our four-legged besties, the same as it does for us.What Are the Benefits of Dog Massage?Canine massage can offer several benefits to dogs, both physically and emotionally. Just like us, our dogs can be tired, sore, grumpy, or sad. And a good massage can really help them shake it off and feel more at ease and relaxed. But people often wonder if there are any additional benefits for dogs who enjoy a massage – apart from it feeling nice, that is. And the answer is yes! Here are just some of the advantages they get from a massage:Stress and Tension Relief:A nice soothing massage can help relax tense muscles and reduce stress in dogs. This is especially beneficial for dogs that may be anxious or nervous.Better Circulation:Massage can enhance blood circulation, promoting better oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells and tissues. Improved circulation can aid in the healing process and contribute to overall well-being.Pain Relief:Massaging sore or tight muscles can help alleviate pain and discomfort. This is particularly relevant for dogs with arthritis, hip dysplasia, or other musculoskeletal issues.Better Flexibility and Range of Motion:Regular massage may enhance a dog's flexibility and improve their range of motion. If you have a senior dog or a dog recovering from injuries, a massage can be of great help with improving their overall mobility.Better Joint Health:Massage can contribute to the health of joints by promoting synovial fluid production, which lubricates and nourishes the joints. Senior dogs can benefit from regular massages either to treat existing joint issues or to prevent them in the first place.  Pet-Owner Bonding:Massage provides an opportunity for bonding between the dog and their owner and can improve and strengthen your relationship. It can also help with socialization, especially for dogs that may be timid or have trust issues as it will help them relax when petted.A Stronger Immune System:Some experts suggest that massage may stimulate the lymphatic system, potentially boosting the immune system's function in dogs. While there aren’t any extensive studies done that could confirm this, it would be great if a “side effect” of canine massage is better overall health!Spotting Health Issues:Through massage, you may identify lumps, bumps, or other abnormalities that may require veterinary attention. Regular massage can help in the early detection of potential health issues on time to provide the right treatment.Postoperative Recovery:Dogs recovering from surgery may benefit from gentle massage to reduce swelling, alleviate pain, and aid in the healing process. Just don’t apply too much pressure or any pressure on the incision site – and be sure to get your vet’s approval (and possible instructions) before doing anything on your own,It's important to note that while a dog massage can be beneficial, it should not be used as a substitute for veterinary care or, in some cases, without the go-ahead from your pet’s vet. Before starting any massage regimen, it's advisable to consult with a veterinarian or a professional canine massage therapist, especially if your dog has pre-existing health conditions. Additionally, learning proper massage techniques is crucial to ensure that you are providing a safe and effective experience for your dog.

Guinness World Records Reviews Bobi’s 'World's Oldest Dog' Title

A Portuguese dog named Bobi made news last year when Guinness World Records crowned him as the world’s oldest dog. Bobi was 31 years and 165 days old when he died at his home last October.However, Guinness World Records has now suspended Bobi’s title after complaints made by veterinarians and professionals questioning the legitimacy of his age.Bobi, who was a purebred Rafeiro do Alentejo, was also declared the world’s oldest dog ever, breaking a nearly century-old record held by an Australian cattle dog, named Bluey, who died in 1939 at the age of 29 years and 5 months. The average life expectancy of a purebred Rafeiro do Alentejo is 12 to 14 years.A spokesperson for the Guinness World Records explained that the review into Bobi’s record is ongoing and it includes looking over the evidence again, looking for new evidence, and talking to experts and all those linked to the original application. “While our review is ongoing we have decided to temporarily pause both the record titles for oldest dog living and (oldest dog) ever just until all of our findings are in place and have been communicated,” said the spokesperson, according to CBS News.Several skeptics pointed out that Bobi’s feet appear to be of different color in photos of him as a puppy and in recent pictures of him in his old age. A Lisbon vet, Miguel Figuereido said last year that Bobi doesn’t really look like a very old dog with mobility problems and an old dog muscle mass. Additionally, an investigation by Wired discovered that Bobi had been formally registered on Portugal’s pet database in July 2022. Leonel Costa, the dog’s owner, registered Bobi as being born in 1992, but there hasn’t been any proof, other than the owner’s word. According to Portuguese law, dogs born before 2008 didn’t have to be registered until October 2020. The Portuguese database for dogs, cats, and other pets also told Wired that they weren’t contacted by Guinness World Records to verify the information. Many other veterinarians and canine experts have questioned Bobi’s true age in correspondence to the Guinness World Records. A veterinarian and council member of the Royal Colledge of Veterinary Surgeons, Danny Chambers, told the Guardian, “Not a single one of my veterinary colleagues believe Bobi was actually 31 years old.”Guinness World Records insists that the suspension is temporary while the review is ongoing.Bobi spent his whole life living with the Costa family in the village of Conqueiros, in Portugal. The pooch, who was allegedly born on May 11, 1992, escaped death in his first days of life. Bobi, along with three other puppies, was born in a woodshed belonging to the Costa family. But, because they already owned many animals, the parents decided to get rid of the newborn puppies.One puppy - Bobi - was unintentionally left behind and discovered days later. Bobi’s owner, Leonel Costa, who was eight, and his sister persuaded their parents to keep the pup, and so he remained living with the family.Leonel Costa defended Bobi’s title saying that “an elite within the veterinary world…tried to give people an idea that Bobi’s life story was not true.”Costa believes this happened because he attributed Bobi’s longevity to a varied diet of human foods, rather than pet food. He said this goes against the recommendations of many veterinarians. “Everything would be different if we had said he (Bobi) ate pet food for three decades,” said Costa, adding that they’d provided everything Guinness World Records requested to validate Bobi’s age. Bobi has never been chained up or put on a leash and used to roam the woods around the village until he got too old to move much. He spent his golden years lounging in the yard with the family cats. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Staff Sergeant Reunites With His Former K-9 Colleague

A retired military dog named Blek, got reunited with his former colleague Staff Sergeant Thomas Watkins, who used to be his handler at a duty station. Blek, who was named after the old English term for “black” or “inky” had quite a reputation among the handlers. Trainers who worked with the canine described him as challenging and tough to manage. But everything changed when Blek met Watkins. In an interview, Watkins told Good Morning America about his experience meeting Blek for the first time.“That was the issue that they were having,” said Watkins. “And so my kettle master pulled me in his office and was like, ‘Hey, man, I know you’re a new handler. But I feel like you’re up to this challenge.’”As the master predicted, Watkins and Blek bonded immediately.“We just connected right off the bat,” Watkins told the Good Morning America. “We truly understood each other… Another handler was out there with me, and he was like man like, ‘I just never seen this dog be so affectionate towards someone.’”Since the day they met, their relationship has grown stronger, making them suitable to carry out missions as a team at the station. “It’s such a beautiful experience, especially when you get a dog that has issues…And then you connect with that dog, and you get that dog to where they need to be. It’s such an awesome and rewarding experience,” explained Watkins. “The rest of the two and a half years that I worked [with] him from deployment to secret service missions all over the world, we had no issues whatsoever,” he added. Unfortunately, the time Blek spent with his handle ended when Watkins got transferred to another station. Blek was left behind to work with other handlers who found the task challenging. According to Carlton Isaacson, a former military dog trainer, things weren’t looking good for Blek.That’s when Project K-9 Hero got interested in Blek’s case. According to their site, this non-profit organization wants to honor military working dogs and police K-9s in retirement. The organization’s purpose is to provide assistance with medical costs, adoption, rehabilitation, food, and end of duty services to provide the best quality of life and to give these four-legged heroes the retirement they deserve. Speaking highly of the non-profit, Isaacson said the project “was a game changer” adding, “They were able to provide him everything that he needed to be safe.”Thanks to Project K-9 Hero, Watkins was able to adopt his old four-legged friend.“I’m so thankful for those guys out there that they were able to take him and hold him until I got to a place where I can truly take care of him and allow him to just be a dog on his retirement,” said Watkins.In addition to allowing him to adopt Blek, Project K-9 Hero had another surprise for Watkins - the organization will cover all of Blek’s food and veterinary care costs for the entirety of the dog’s life. Talking about his feelings about this special reunion, Watkins said: “I am overwhelmed with happiness. That dog is dear to my heart and he made me the handler and trainer that I am today…It looks like [Blek] hasn’t skipped a beat. He’s happy. He looks healthy and I am just glad to be here right now.”“I’m so thankful for that dog, and that’s why I’m excited to actually bring him home with me to live out his life.”It’s heartwarming to see these two heroes reunited and ready to face new adventures together, as a team. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Are Hamsters Good Pets for Kids?

Final Thoughts: Hamsters and ChildrenAre hamsters good pets for kids? The short answer is, “maybe.” There are several key factors to consider when deciding if a hamster will be an excellent addition to your family, including the space needed for their habitat, their independent personalities, your child’s interest in a bet, the work (and finances) required to care for your new hamster, and the availability of a veterinarian that will accept small animals.If your child is ready for a pet, but a hamster doesn’t quite check all the boxes on your new pet wishlist, there are many other options, including guinea pigs, cats, dogs, and some species of birds. Don’t rush this decision. Take time to research and find the best fit for your family before committing to your future furry (or feathered) family member.Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Study Finds That Cats Have Hundreds of Facial Expressions

If you’ve lived with cats for any length of time, you know that they express themselves in a variety of ways, and their faces can tell you a lot. Yet, there are some people who think that cats are expressionless, especially when compared to other animals. Well, science has once again come through to prove that cats are social and communicative; you just have to know how to read them.

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