What Is Feline Distemper?

by Lisa Selvaggio

Published: July 9th, 2015

A virus that can turn deadly, feline distemper is preventable and treatable, if caught early enough. Here’s what you need to know about the illness and how it affects cats.

Feline Panleukopenia virus, which is also known as FPV and feline distemper (though it isn’t related to canine distemper), is highly contagious and life-threatening.

By understanding feline distemper, you can help prevent it.

Transmission

Feline distemper can be spread via direct contact with an infected animal or his secretions, including the blood, urine, and feces. Fleas can also transmit the virus. It can even be spread through use of contaminated bedding, litter boxes, and food dishes. Individuals who have treated a cat with feline distemper can then expose other cats if they don’t properly wash their hands or clothes first.

The virus may be transmitted to kittens before they’re born, as well as shortly after. In these cases, mortality is 90 percent. Those kittens that recover from neonatal infection might have cerebellar brain damage that results in an uncoordinated gait when they start walking.

Felines who end up surviving the virus become immune to it, but they can end up shedding the virus for a few weeks, exposing other cats to it. An infected cat could shed feline distemper in his urine and feces for up to 6 weeks post-recovery.

Those at highest risk for becoming seriously ill from this virus are kittens between two and six months of age. Cats with compromised immune systems, as well as pregnant cats, are also at a greater risk of severe symptoms. Adult cats who get feline distemper may experience mild symptoms or it may go unnoticed.

Symptoms of Feline Distemper

FPV is a leading cause of death amongst kittens. Because it affects rapidly dividing blood cells, especially those in the bone marrow and intestinal tract, as well as stem cells in fetuses, it can result in anemia and make the body susceptible to other viral and bacterial illnesses and infections.

Within two to 10 days after being exposed to the virus, a cat will begin showing symptoms of acute illness. These may include severe apathy, fever up to 105°F (40.5°C), and loss of appetite. Repeated vomiting that brings up yellow-stained, frothy bile is also common, and the cat may be crouching in pain with his head just a few inches over a water or food bowl. In the event a cat is able to drink water, he’ll immediately vomit, and he’ll cry out as a result of pain within the abdomen.

Diarrhea may also appear early in the progression of the virus, though it frequently occurs later. Stools are typically streaked with blood or yellow in color.

The onset of the virus can be sudden in both young kittens and some older felines, so an owner may not even know the pet is sick until it’s too late or the animal has died. Secondary bacterial infections are common, and these may also result in death.

Below is a list of some of the other symptoms associated with feline distemper:

Dehydration
Weight loss
Rough fur
Depression
Some felines may hide
Keeping the feet tucked under the body for extended periods
Resting the chin on the floor for extended periods

Treatment of FPV

Immediate treatment is necessary to save lives. Addressing dehydration, as well as giving a cat antibiotics to prevent infections, may be part of the treatment plan, in addition to supportive care in a warm, quiet space separate from other animals.

The FPV virus will depress your cat’s mental and physical health, so he’ll need to receive plenty of comfort and affection from you until he’s cured.

If a cat is promptly and effectively treated and able to survive the first 48 hours, it’s likely that he’ll fully recover with lifetime immunity. However, it might take weeks for the cat to be completely healthy again.

Feline Panleukopenia Virus Prevention

Once in the environment, feline distemper is very hardy. It will survive in cracks, furnishings, and carpeting for over a year at room temperature, and it can survive at lower temperatures as well. Strict hygiene is necessary to prevent the spread of the virus and to kill it from the environment.

This virus is resistant to household cleaners. The most effective way to destroy it is with a bleach solution of 1/2 cup of bleach in a gallon of water. Use the solution for 10 minutes on floors, litter boxes, cages, etc. To be sure feline distemper is completely out of your environment, though, discard your pet’s belongings and replace them with new ones.

The best way to prevent an infection is to have your cat vaccinated against feline distemper. Also, keep your cats indoors to prevent them from encountering sick cats outside.

Lisa Selvaggio

Lisa Selvaggio is a freelance writer and editor, and our resident cats-pert, with certifications in pet nutrition and pet first aid. She enjoys producing content that helps people understand animals better so they can give their pets a safe and happy home.

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Who knew that whiskers could get so tired? It’s true, and whisker fatigue could be causing your cat some serious stress around mealtimes. One of your cat’s many eye-catching features is her set of long whiskers. But did you know that whiskers aren’t just there to make your pet look super cute? And did you know that your kitty might end up experiencing a problem known as “whisker fatigue”? Whisker fatigue is something that a lot of cat owners have probably never heard of, but it could be making your kitty an unhappy feline. So, it’s important to have a general understanding of what this is all about, and it’s a good idea to become familiar with the signs of whisker fatigue. That way, you can help your furry friend feel better right away. To help you out, we’ve compiled some handy information below. Continue reading to learn about what whisker fatigue is, as well as what you can do to stop it. And, remember, if you aren’t sure if your cat is experiencing whisker fatigue or she isn’t acting like herself, it’s a great idea to have a chat with your vet to address all of your questions and concerns. First Off, What’s Whisker Fatigue? Your pet’s whiskers are more than just long, thick hairs that look adorable and perfectly complement your kitty’s face. You might not realize it, but those whiskers play a critical role, and they’re actually really impressive. Related: How Much Should I Feed My Cat? At the end of every whisker is a proprioceptor, which is a sensory organ that sends signals to the nervous system and brain. Proprioceptors are so sensitive that they can detect vibrations within the air, and they help your cat get around in dark rooms and tight spaces. Also, because felines are farsighted, whiskers give them what they need to essentially be able to see what’s in front of their faces. Incredible, right? Whiskers are pretty awesome, there is no denying that. But, because they are highly sensitive, over time, they can become stressed and fatigued after having a lot of unnecessary contact with objects, such as with the sides of a food bowl. This is when whisker fatigue might occur, and it isn’t something that you want your kitty to experience. Thankfully, there are steps you can take at home to help those whiskers feel good again. What Are the Symptoms of Whisker Fatigue? How can you tell if your feline companion is feeling whisker fatigue? Well, there are certain signs that you can look out for—just another reason to keep an eye on your pet every day to see if there are any changes in her behavior that need to be addressed. If your cat is exhibiting the following behaviors, she might be dealing with whisker fatigue, which can be annoying and painful: Pulling food out of the bowl to eat it on the floor insteadLeaving food behind in the bowl, despite still being hungryBehaving aggressively towards other pets while eatingMaking a mess with her food on the floorShowing signs of hunger, but hesitating to eat by pacing near her food bowl or standing next to it for some time prior to eating Note: As is the case with a lot of symptoms, these might also be signs that something else is wrong. If you aren’t sure whether whisker fatigue is to blame, you could always contact your veterinarian to discuss what’s going on with your cat and get some valuable advice and guidance on what to do next. What Can You Do? It’s All About the Bowls Thankfully, the solution for whisker fatigue is pretty simple, as it involves merely switching the type of food and water bowls that you’re using. This is because whisker fatigue can occur when the wrong type of bowl is used. What type of food and water bowls will make a difference? Well, the right bowl will be ergonomically appropriate for your kitty’s face, making eating a comfortable and enjoyable experience rather than a frustrating or painful one. Related: Tame Your Cat’s Hairballs with Wellness Natural Hairball Control Formula There are several cat food bowls on the market that are designed to relieve and prevent whisker fatigue, such as Dr. Catsby’s Feline Remedies bowl. But even if you don’t buy a product that is made specifically for whisker fatigue prevention, you can search for other food and water dishes and bowls that will provide the same type of relief. For instance, you can look for a food bowl that’s designed with a shallow, wide shape so your cat can easily access her food without having her whiskers stimulated or pulled back. The right design will also prevent your cat from having to painfully push her nose into the inside edges of the bowl in order to get to the food there. And, when it comes to water bowls, look for one that’s wide so your kitty can drink the water from the middle of the bowl without affecting the whiskers. With the wide variety of pet products that are out there these days, you can quickly find new bowls that your cat will feel comfortable using. So, the good news is it’s easy to help your pet enjoy her meals and snacks again. Choose the Right Material

What is Feline Acne?

Is that a zit on your cat’s face?! As unbelievable as it sounds, there is such a thing as Feline Acne. Cats can develop acne, but if it does occur on your kitty, it will most likely be found on the lower lip and chin. If your pet has feline acne, it could be a one-time thing, as some kitties may experience single episodes that end up resolving and not returning. However, there are other kitties who might have acne as a recurring condition for the duration of their lives. Every cat is different, so one kitty who has feline acne may have frequent flare-ups, while another may have less frequent flare-ups. Also, one cat’s flare-up may be more serious than another cat’s condition. Related: What Is Feline Whisker Fatigue? Having an understanding of feline acne will help you recognize it and work with your veterinarian to provide your pet with the appropriate treatment. What Causes Feline Acne? Hair follicles throughout your cat’s lower lip and chin could get clogged with sebum, and this may lead to acne on your kitty’s face. But in addition to clogged hair follicles, cats with acne might have a secondary bacterial infection as well. Although the exact cause of cat acne isn’t clear, there are a few factors that can lead to its development. For example, it might be the result of poor grooming habits or a suppressed immune system. Abnormalities in oil production or problems within the skin surface, such as hair follicles that don’t function properly, can also be factors. If your cat excessively grooms himself, to the point that his chin is rubbing on his fur repeatedly, this might also lead to acne. Other causes include contact and atopic dermatitis, as well as stress. Gender, breed, and age aren’t considered factors in whether or not your cat will get acne at any point in his life. Related: Understanding IBD in Cats What Does Feline Acne Look Like? Feline acne could result in whiteheads or blackheads, watery crusts, a swollen chin, and minor red pimples. Severe cases, however, could result in bleeding crusts, hair loss, pustules, nodules, and redness. There could also be itchiness or pain in severe cases. If you notice these symptoms, your vet may be able to diagnose the problem simply through a physical exam, though s/he might also perform a skin scraping or biopsy to rule out other conditions. Also, if your vet suspects that there is a secondary bacterial infection affecting your pet, a culture and sensitivity test might also be used. Treatment for Feline Acne If your cat is diagnosed with feline acne, the treatment will depend upon the cause and severity of the problem. Antiseptic cleansers, topical shampoos, and antibiotics may be recommended by your vet in order to thoroughly clean the infected area and clear up the acne. If your cat has a recurring acne problem, your vet might prescribe a long-term treatment plan. And if there is a secondary bacterial infection or a high amount of inflammation present, your vet will prescribe the appropriate medications. Talk to your vet about the cat bowls that you’re using, too, as certain materials could lead to allergic reactions, and a shallow dish rather than a deeper bowl might be helpful. Finally, if your kitty has acne as a result of poor grooming habits, or if your cat is prone to developing acne, you can help by cleaning his chin regularly. You can also start a cleansing program for extending the time between relapses if your cat suffers from acne a lot. Now that you know a bit about feline acne, you can keep an eye out for the signs that your kitty may be dealing with this condition. Because there are a variety of different possible causes for this skin problem, talk to your vet to figure out exactly what you should do to keep your cat’s skin healthy.

What Is Feline Leukemia?

Are you worried about feline leukemia and how it can affect your cat? Here’s what pet parents need to know about the deadly virus.Feline leukemia virus, or FeLV, is a retrovirus that affects felines all over the world. This cat disease is only second to trauma as the leading cause of death amongst felines, and it will kill roughly 85 percent of infected cats within three years.Similar to FIV, Feline leukemia causes a suppression of the immune system, so it can predispose a cat to other infections that can be deadly. But there is some good news: roughly 70 percent of felines that encounter FeLV will be able to resist it or eliminate it on their own.Let’s talk more about this virus, as well as steps you can take to help prevent infections.Related: Top 5 Reasons To Raise An Indoor CatTransmission of Feline LeukemiaCats who are infected with FeLV will shed the virus through their nasal secretions and saliva, as well as in their feces, urine, and blood. Mother cats can also pass the virus to their kittens before birth or through their milk.The virus can be transferred from one cat to another through bite wounds and grooming. Sharing litter boxes and food and water bowls can be another mode of transmission.Once outside a cat’s body, though, the virus will only last a few hours under normal conditions, so it doesn’t last long in the environment.Related: What Is FIV In Cats?Symptoms of Feline LeukemiaAccording to Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, FeLV is “the most common cause of cancer in cats.” Infection can also negatively affect your pet’s body in myriad other ways, including creating an immune deficient state that makes your cat susceptible to a host of other infections. The virus can also lead to blood disorders.A cat may not exhibit any symptoms in the early stages, but within weeks, months, or years, the animal’s health could deteriorate progressively or he may have recurring illnesses in between periods of health.During the primary, or early, stage of infection, some felines may have an effective immune response. These cats may be able to eliminate FeLV from their blood, thereby halting its progression.The secondary, or later, stage causes persistent infection of tissue and bone marrow. This is the point of no return, when the majority of felines with the virus will be infected for the rest of their lives.Some of the symptoms associated with Feline Leukemia include:Yellow color within the cat’s mouth and in the whites of the eyesPale gums and mucus membranesInflammation of the mouth and gumsEnlarged lymph nodesWeight loss that is slow but progressive at first, with severe wasting laterLoss of appetiteSkin, upper respiratory, and bladder infectionsPoor coat conditionFeverProgressive lethargy and weaknessDiarrheaDifficulty breathingReproductive issues in females who haven’t been spayedBehavior changes, neurological disorders, seizuresEye conditionsTreatments of Feline LeukemiaRegular checkups (twice a year) and preventive health care may help FeLV-positive cats feel well and prevent secondary infections, but 85 percent of felines who are persistently infected with this virus will die from it, usually within three years of being diagnosed. Secondary infections are treated as they occur, but there’s no cure for FeLV.Prevention of Feline LeukemiaIt’s important to note that a cat may be infected even if he appears healthy. And if he’s infected, he may transfer the virus to another cat. Therefore, having your cat tested before introducing him to the rest of your feline family is one way to prevent transmission.You should keep your cats indoors as much as possible to avoid them encountering other felines who may be infected with FeLV.There is a FeLV vaccination, though you should discuss the pros and cons of vaccinating your cat with your vet, who knows your pet best and can steer you in the right direction. Bear in mind that not every cat who’s vaccinated will be protected against FeLV, so you should still take steps to prevent exposure.

What Is Feline Cerebellar Hypoplasia?

A developmental disorder, Feline Cerebellar Hypoplasia affects the way a cat walks. Here’s what you should know about the illness and what can be done. If you’ve ever seen a cat, whether online, in a shelter, or on TV, who can’t quite walk straight, you may have already heard of feline cerebellar hypoplasia. But what is this condition, and is it something that a cat can live with? The Basics: What It Is and What Causes It Cerebellar hypoplasia is a developmental disorder that can affect cats. It occurs when the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain responsible for controlling coordination, balance, and fine motor skills, doesn’t develop as it should. Thankfully, feline cerebellar hypoplasia isn’t contagious, nor is it painful. Related: 7 Common Cat Health Problems This condition commonly afflicts kittens after a pregnant cat is infected with the panleukopenia virus. The infection is passed from the mother to the unborn kittens, and the virus ends up attacking cells that rapidly divide. It is during the last few weeks of a cat’s pregnancy, as well as the first weeks following a kitten’s birth, that the cerebellum experiences a period of fast development and growth. So, as you probably already guessed, that leaves the area susceptible to the virus’ attack. But this doesn’t mean that every kitten in a litter will be affected. In some cases, only one kitten might be impacted, while in other cases, an entire litter could be afflicted with cerebellar hypoplasia. Other potential causes include genetic factors, trauma, exposure to toxins, and nutritional deficiencies. For example, if a cat is malnourished while she is pregnant, cerebellar hypoplasia might develop in her kittens. The condition could also occur if a kitten endures trauma to the brain while the cerebellum is still developing. The Symptoms: What It Looks Like The symptoms associated with cerebellar hypoplasia might be apparent at birth or a short period of time after birth. However, symptoms will typically become even more obvious when a kitten starts to stand and walk. This is usually around the age of six weeks. Related: What Is Feline Distemper? The more the cerebellum was impacted, the more severe the symptoms will be. The severity of symptoms could also depend upon the stage of development during which the kitten was affected. Common symptoms of feline cerebellar hypoplasia include: Uncoordinated, clumsy, and unsteady walkingJerky movements, an inability to judge distance, flipping over, and fallingTremors (These go away while the animal sleeps. They can include head and limb tremors and intention tremors, which happen when the pet attempts to make a movement, such as during play or eating.)Swaying motions when walkingHypermetria (a “goose-stepping walk”) Diagnosis and Treatment: The Options Available Unfortunately, there isn’t a lab test that can detect cerebellar hypoplasia. Providing your veterinarian with a list of symptoms and a health history on your pet will be helpful during a physical exam. Your vet may also order a complete blood count, blood chemical profile, urinalysis, and electrolyte panel to determine if other causes might be the reason for your pet’s symptoms. And to check the size of the cerebellum (a kitten with cerebellar hypoplasia will have a smaller cerebellum), your vet may order an MRI. Also unfortunate is the fact that there is no treatment available for feline cerebellar hypoplasia, as it is the result of poor brain development. The disorder will be permanent, but cats can live a normal life and learn to adapt to getting around with this condition. Plus, following the infant stage, a kitten typically won’t exhibit signs that the disease is progressing or worsening. If your cat has cerebellar hypoplasia, what you can do is make adjustments to your home to help prevent accidents and injuries. You can have your pet neutered or spayed, and you can also have other cats in your household. However, a cat with cerebellar hypoplasia should be kept indoors at all times. Work with your vet to determine the severity of your pet’s symptoms and to figure out what measures can be taken to ensure your kitty can live a happy and comfortable life. CH Cats: Special Needs Pets That Are Full of Love In the end, kitties with cerebellar hypoplasia are just special needs pets that are full of love and deserving of homes. So if you’re willing to adopt a kitten or adult cat with CH, consider checking shelters and foster networks to find your new furry best friend.

What Is Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome?

A condition that can prove to be uncomfortable in cats, feline hyperesthesia syndrome cause increased skin sensitivity. Feline hyperesthesia syndrome is also often referred to as twitch-skin syndrome, twitchy cat syndrome, rolling skin syndrome, atypical neurodermatitis, psychomotor epilepsy, and neuritis. No matter what you call it, though, it’s a condition that causes your kitty to feel increased sensitivity in the skin, so you can imagine how uncomfortable it can be. Check out the information below to learn more about feline hyperesthesia and what you can do if your cat has been diagnosed with it. Related: What Is Feline Whisker Fatigue? The Causes Feline hyperesthesia syndrome affects the skin, as well as the neuromuscular system and nervous system. Unfortunately, experts aren’t entirely sure about what the actual cause could be of this rare condition. Some experts believe that there might be a link between a seizure disorder and hyperesthesia, or that dry, itchy skin caused by a deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet might contribute to symptoms. Others have theorized that it’s a form of obsessive-compulsive disorder, or that it might be the result of a cat feeling stressed. Related: How To Relax A Stressed Cat The Symptoms Symptoms of feline hyperesthesia could develop at any age, and the condition can occur in all breeds. A cat that suffers from hyperesthesia syndrome might end up licking and biting her own body, such as her limbs, tail, and back. Here are some of the other signs that your cat might have hyperesthesia: The skin on your cat’s back might ripple from the shoulders to the tailYour cat might jump suddenly and turn towards her tail, as if there’s something bothering herYou might notice muscle twitching, tail twitching, and/or muscle spasmsYour cat might not like being touched on certain areas of her back when you go to pet herYour cat might behave erratically, seem agitated, and have dilated pupilsYour cat might cry out, hiss, or run suddenly, and you might think she’s hallucinating because it looks like she’s going after something that isn’t thereSevere cases may lead to self-mutilation through chewing, licking, pulling out fur, and biting. As a result, there might be lesions and infections that develop on the skin. Generally, these symptoms will occur in episodes that could last just a few seconds or a few minutes. In between the episodes, your kitty will act like nothing is wrong. Touching your cat in the wrong spot, though, might trigger an episode. The Treatments If your kitty starts exhibiting the signs of feline hyperesthesia syndrome, it’s a great idea to talk to your veterinarian, who will examine your pet and rule out other problems that have similar symptoms. If hyperesthesia is the cause of your cat’s symptoms, it’s important to know that there isn’t a definitive cure for this condition. Instead, your vet might recommend giving your pet prescription medications, such as anticonvulsants or antidepressants. Reducing your cat’s stress and anxiety levels through environmental enrichment may also be helpful, or you might be advised to make changes to your kitty’s diet. Plus, natural remedies, such as acupuncture, massage, and supplements, might be recommended, too. The Bottom Line Feline hyperesthesia is not well understood, but there are steps that you can take to help your cat get relief. Working closely with your vet is the ideal way to figure out what will work best for your kitty.

Should My Dog Wear a Winter Coat?

As the temperatures drop and winter approaches, many pet parents face a common question: Should my dog wear a winter coat? It’s a valid question! After all, we bundle up before heading out into the ice and snow. Why shouldn’t our dogs? This article will explore the considerations, benefits, and potential downsides of winter coats for dogs. Plus, we’ll share the coats we use to keep our pups warm and cozy. Let’s get started… Do All Dogs Need a Coat in Winter? The short answer is no. Not all dogs need a winter coat to stay comfortable in the colder temperatures. In fact, some dogs will be more comfortable without a winter coat. That leaves us with one more question – how do you know if your dog will need a coat this season? Here are a few factors to consider: Breed & Coat LengthWhat breed or breed mix is your dog? Some dogs, like the Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, and Keeshond, were specifically bred to handle the colder temperatures. These dogs have thick double coats, including a water-resistant guard coat and a plush, warm undercoat. If you own one of these dogs, you may see them relaxing outside, happily napping in a snowbank. They thrive in cooler weather but struggle when the temperatures climb. On the other end of the spectrum, some dogs were bred to live in warmer climates. These dogs have short coats, offering little protection from the winter cold. Age Your dog’s age could make them more sensitive to changes in temperature, both heat and cold. If you have a young puppy or a senior dog, they may need a little extra care and attention. Not only do they feel cold faster, but the low temperatures could worsen the discomfort of a senior dog’s arthritis or other joint problems. Even if your dog once thrived in cold temperatures, they may struggle in their older years.Disease or Illness If your dog is currently living with a disease or illness, it can compromise their ability to regulate their body temperature effectively. Your dog’s condition can impact many aspects of their well-being. It may weaken their immune system, causing dehydration or interfering with proper circulation. Contact your veterinarian if you’re unsure whether your dog’s illness could impact their ability to handle the cold. Activity LevelAre you heading outside to hang out in your yard, or are you planning to engage in something more active like a hike or skijoring? As your dog’s muscles are engaged and working, they are producing heat that raises the body temperature. If your dog occasionally needs a light jacket, they may not need one during heavy activity. On the other hand, if your dog is usually okay when you’re going for a walk, they may need a light jacket or sweater if they are going to be standing around.

Scientists Found a New Type of Training that Makes Dogs Better Behaved

Training a dog can seem intimidating, and doesn’t always yield the expected results. Luckily for all dog owners out there, a new study has found another way to train your four-legged companion. Scientists at Aberystwyth University, located in Wales, United Kingdom, have discovered that scent training could improve pet dogs' behavior. The study shows that pet dogs trained to detect scents have a better mental ability and capacity to carry out certain tasks.Previous research only compared highly trained working dogs, like assistance dogs or search and rescue dogs, with untrained pet dogs. Now, for the first time, the researchers have tested the effects of scent training on two groups of untrained dogs. A research team from Aberystwyth University led the study in collaboration with Emma Stoker, owner of Puppy Plus, a dog training company based in Newton, Wales.The study involved 40 dogs of varying degrees of training, whose owners were asked to fill out a questionnaire with basic information about their pet. Researchers gave the dogs two tasks, both requiring impulse control. In the first test, called the “detour task”, the dogs needed to navigate a transparent barrier to get food. The second “A not B task”, tested the dogs’ ability to switch their choice from one pot to another, depending on where food was placed. Researchers separated the dogs into two groups to see whether their ability to detect scents would improve their cognitive ability. The dogs in the first group were given the “detour task” and had to navigate around a transparent barrier to get a treat. In the second group, the researchers said “Look” to the dog to get its attention and then showed it a treat before hiding it under a pot. Dogs in the second group underwent scent training, separated into three phases - familiarization, training, and test phase. In the first phase, only one pot was used. In the training phase, two pots were used, and in the final, test phase, three pots were used.Pate scent was rubbed on all pots to make it harder for the dogs to sniff out where the treat was hidden. If the dog didn’t respond within 20 seconds of being released to find the treat, or if it picked the wrong pot, the dog was shown the treat but wasn’t rewarded. Researchers discovered that dogs who received scent training performed the tasks more efficiently than those who weren’t trained. The study also showed that scent training improved dogs’ inhibitory control and helped them focus on completing a specific task. What’s important for dog owners to know is that poor impulse control is believed to be the main cause of a lot of unwanted behaviors in dogs, such as house soiling and destructive behavior. This new study suggests that scent training could help owners improve their dogs’ behavior. Dr. Sarah Dalesman, the co-author of the study, said: “This research shows that dogs that train primarily in scent work have stronger inhibitory control, suggesting that this training can have a positive effect on their behavior.”“Scent training is offered by a lot of dog trainers, and easy to practice at home. It might offer a great way for owners to improve their pets’ behavior, and we’re aiming to test this theory in future studies.”If scent training isn’t compatible with the way your pup learns, you can try agility or puzzle training. Puzzle training provides mental and physical stimulation and can come in handy when a dog needs to stay home alone or confined. Agility training is another option. Agility is a sport in which you direct your dog through a pre-set obstacle course allowing them to gain problem-solving skills. Try different training activities with your dog to find out what you and your pooch enjoy doing together the most.Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

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Are Essential Oils Safe for Dogs?

Essential oils have a variety of uses and can be quite beneficial. And that’s not true for human use alone, as these natural oils found their way to the world of pets as well, and can be used to help eliminate a range of issues such as skin irritations, allergies, and fleas, and to boost the overall health of your dog’s coat. But, while there are plenty of pet products that contain essential oils, many owners are wondering: are essential oils really safe for dogs? It is a good question, so let’s try and find the right answer.Essential Oils for Dogs: The BasicsWhile some essential oils can be safe for dogs, it's important to use them with caution. Dogs have a more sensitive sense of smell than humans, so strong scents can be overwhelming, even if they are of natural origin. Certain essential oils, like lavender and chamomile, are generally considered safe in small amounts and when properly diluted. That being said, it is important to know what you are buying and to find essential oils that are made for pets especially. These are likely to be properly diluted and formulated to be safe for dogs. Essential oils can have various effects on dogs, both positive and negative. Some oils, like the aforementioned lavender and chamomile, may help with relaxation and anxiety, and help your pet sleep easier. On the other side, specific oils such as tea tree, citrus, and peppermint can be harmful to dogs and should be avoided.When using essential oils around dogs, it's crucial to dilute them properly. Always dilute essential oils before using them around your dog. Most experts recommend a ratio of 1:50, meaning one drop of essential oil to 50 drops of carrier oil. Of course, you should always observe your dog's reactions. Watch for signs of distress or discomfort in your dog when you introduce a new essential oil. If you notice any adverse reactions, stop using the oil immediately.Ultimately, you should be wary of the application methods you are using. Avoid applying essential oils directly to your dog's skin. Instead, diffuse them in the air or use a diffuser. You can also add a few drops to your dog's collar or bedding if the goal is to deter parasites. Needless to say, it goes a long way to properly familiarize yourself with essential oils and how they are used in the dog world. You can go in-depth with  a book that specializes in this topic, and gain the ultimate knowledge about these helpful oils before utilizing these natural products for your pet’s well-being. 

Guinness World Records Reviews Bobi’s 'World's Oldest Dog' Title

A Portuguese dog named Bobi made news last year when Guinness World Records crowned him as the world’s oldest dog. Bobi was 31 years and 165 days old when he died at his home last October.However, Guinness World Records has now suspended Bobi’s title after complaints made by veterinarians and professionals questioning the legitimacy of his age.Bobi, who was a purebred Rafeiro do Alentejo, was also declared the world’s oldest dog ever, breaking a nearly century-old record held by an Australian cattle dog, named Bluey, who died in 1939 at the age of 29 years and 5 months. The average life expectancy of a purebred Rafeiro do Alentejo is 12 to 14 years.A spokesperson for the Guinness World Records explained that the review into Bobi’s record is ongoing and it includes looking over the evidence again, looking for new evidence, and talking to experts and all those linked to the original application. “While our review is ongoing we have decided to temporarily pause both the record titles for oldest dog living and (oldest dog) ever just until all of our findings are in place and have been communicated,” said the spokesperson, according to CBS News.Several skeptics pointed out that Bobi’s feet appear to be of different color in photos of him as a puppy and in recent pictures of him in his old age. A Lisbon vet, Miguel Figuereido said last year that Bobi doesn’t really look like a very old dog with mobility problems and an old dog muscle mass. Additionally, an investigation by Wired discovered that Bobi had been formally registered on Portugal’s pet database in July 2022. Leonel Costa, the dog’s owner, registered Bobi as being born in 1992, but there hasn’t been any proof, other than the owner’s word. According to Portuguese law, dogs born before 2008 didn’t have to be registered until October 2020. The Portuguese database for dogs, cats, and other pets also told Wired that they weren’t contacted by Guinness World Records to verify the information. Many other veterinarians and canine experts have questioned Bobi’s true age in correspondence to the Guinness World Records. A veterinarian and council member of the Royal Colledge of Veterinary Surgeons, Danny Chambers, told the Guardian, “Not a single one of my veterinary colleagues believe Bobi was actually 31 years old.”Guinness World Records insists that the suspension is temporary while the review is ongoing.Bobi spent his whole life living with the Costa family in the village of Conqueiros, in Portugal. The pooch, who was allegedly born on May 11, 1992, escaped death in his first days of life. Bobi, along with three other puppies, was born in a woodshed belonging to the Costa family. But, because they already owned many animals, the parents decided to get rid of the newborn puppies.One puppy - Bobi - was unintentionally left behind and discovered days later. Bobi’s owner, Leonel Costa, who was eight, and his sister persuaded their parents to keep the pup, and so he remained living with the family.Leonel Costa defended Bobi’s title saying that “an elite within the veterinary world…tried to give people an idea that Bobi’s life story was not true.”Costa believes this happened because he attributed Bobi’s longevity to a varied diet of human foods, rather than pet food. He said this goes against the recommendations of many veterinarians. “Everything would be different if we had said he (Bobi) ate pet food for three decades,” said Costa, adding that they’d provided everything Guinness World Records requested to validate Bobi’s age. Bobi has never been chained up or put on a leash and used to roam the woods around the village until he got too old to move much. He spent his golden years lounging in the yard with the family cats. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Do You Know Your Pet's Love Language?

Relationship therapists have long used the concept of “Love Languages” to encourage better communication among couples. It defines how we express and receive love and sorts these behaviors into five categories – acts of service, physical touch, words of affirmation, gift-giving, and quality time. But did you ever stop to consider how your pet may fit into this framework? The folks at Nulo Pet Food did!Recently, the brand partnered with OnePoll to survey 2,000 cat and dog parents to better understand the secret to your pet’s heart.The survey found that quality time is the most popular love language among cats and dogs (27%). This refers to showing affection by giving your pet your undivided attention, with this increase in attention leaving our pets feeling loved and cared for. For 62% of respondents, this meant allowing their pet to sleep in their bed each night, while 40% reported that they would include their pet in their daily plans whenever possible.Of course, food still scored high in offering a path to a pet’s heart despite not technically being part of the original five love languages.53% of pet parents said they showed love by providing their pets with high-quality meals, which could technically fall under both acts of service and gift-giving. Dedicated to their pets' overall well-being, 47% answered that they showed love by prioritizing their pet’s health and nutrition over all else, and 32% focused on adding variety to their diet.“With 69% of respondents willing to put their pet’s dietary needs before their own, the data clearly shows just how important a role pets plan in their people’s lives,” explained Heather Acuff, Ph.D., Nulo’s Director of Research & Development. “Not only are pet parents speaking their pet’s love language, they’re going above and beyond to provide optimum care and nutrition to ensure the healthiest and happiest lives for their pets.”What inspires us to prioritize our pets so highly in our lives? These furry family members hold an important role in our lives, with 47% of pet owners believing their pet views them as a best friend and 42% stating that their pet sees them in the same way.This data gives us an insight into the dedication that pet parents show in providing quality nutrition to their dogs and cats. When asked why they feed their current diet, 50% said they strongly believed their pet enjoyed the food, 35% chose the diet for its high-quality ingredients, and 29% decided on a diet based on their budget.How important is variety in our pets’ diets? Only 48% of those surveyed believed they could survive eating the same meal every day for three months. It highlights the importance of products like food toppers that allow us to provide variation and make mealtime interesting while still prioritizing feeding a well-balanced diet. This includes commercial food toppers and pet-friendly human foods like pumpkin puree, Greek yogurt, and more.Ultimately, the data reveals that food is one of the most significant ways we express our love and affection to our pets – possibly even making it the sixth love language for pets and pet parents!

How Often Should I Clean My Bird's Cage?

Parrots and small birds are exceptionally vulnerable when their cage is left unkempt and dirty – proper hygiene and a clean space to rest and eat in are a must for the good health of all avians. What is more, a bird cage that is left unclean can become a threat to your health as well, with airborne bacteria and pathogens flying all over the place. All in all, it’s clear that regular cleaning of your bird's cage shouldn’t be seen as just a dull chore but as a necessary task to protect everyone’s health and wellbeing. However, while it’s obvious that you need to do it regularly, just how often should you clean your bird’s cage? Is it on a check-and-see basis or is there a recommended frequency of cleaning? Let’s find out.How Often Should I Clean My Bird's Cage?The frequency at which you should clean the cage depends on several factors, including the size of the cage, the number of birds you have, and the species of bird in question. For example, a smaller cage will get dirty in no time, while a large one that houses a single, bigger bird will remain cleaner for longer. While these are good starting guidelines, things are not that simple.The best approach to take is to clean the cage daily, weekly, and monthly. Of course, the amount of cleaning you do each day will differ from the one you do on a monthly basis – here’s how it should look like:Daily Cleaning:Change the  food and water dishes daily to ensure fresh food and clean water. This is imperative and a major part of caring for your bird. Don’t allow water to remain unchanged and food to go stale.

How Much Playtime Does My Cat Need?

Sure, cats tend to spend a lot of their day seemingly lazing about, basking in the sun, meticulously cleaning themselves, and snoozing away. However, that doesn’t mean that cats are not active animals that need daily exercise – they have an instinct to hunt, explore, and engage in different activities that stimulate their minds and bodies. Without adequate mental and physical stimulation, cats can become bored, stressed, and even develop behavioral issues. This is why playtime is not “just” a matter of playing for felines. It meets their most basic needs and it's an essential component of their overall well-being.What Are the Benefits of Playtime for Cats?Engaging your cat in interactive play stimulates their cognitive abilities, keeping their minds sharp and active. Activities like chasing toys, solving puzzles, or hunting for treats mimic their natural hunting instincts, providing mental enrichment. Enrichment is crucial to prevent destructive behaviors, aggression, and other behavioral issues that stem from boredom and lack of mental stimulation. In addition to keeping your kitty’s mind sharp, playtime will keep them fit as a fiddle and in their top form. Regular play sessions help cats balance extra energy, maintain a healthy weight, and prevent obesity-related health issues. It also promotes muscle tone, flexibility, and overall physical fitness, reducing the risk of joint problems as they age.Last but not least, interactive play presents a unique bonding opportunity. Playing together with your cat will strengthen your relationship, fostering trust and affection. It's a chance to spend quality time together and will provide your cat with a sense of security and happiness.How Much Playtime Does My Cat Need?The importance of your cat having regular playtime is indisputable, but how much playtime do they need? Well, as it usually goes with these things, the answer will largely depend on your pet’s specific traits, such as their age, breed, and health status. However, for most cats, that “magic” number ends up being between 20 to 30 minutes of playtime each day. This could be your starting point to determine the right amount of play for your pet, just tailor it to their needs – for instance, younger cats and kittens will need longer and more frequent play sessions to burn off excess energy and engage their curious minds. How To Make Playtime Engaging for Your CatAs intelligent and sometimes finicky animals, cats can be a bit hard to please. A new toy might bore them in a matter of hours, or they might prefer scratching your couch rather than the new cat tree you bought them – but if you rely on the following tricks, it’s much likelier that your kitty will enjoy playtime.#1 Rotate ToysKeep your cat's interest piqued by rotating their toys regularly. Introduce new toys periodically to prevent boredom and stimulate their curiosity, but don’t overdo it – bringing home new toys too often will ensure they get bored of each one too quickly. #2 Variety is KeyExperiment with different types of toys, such as wand toys, laser pointers, puzzle feeders, and interactive play circuits. Cats have unique preferences, so observe what activities your cat enjoys most and tailor playtime accordingly. Usually, a safe bet is going for a catnip-filled toy such as the well-loved  Yeowww! Catnip Yellow Banana Cat Toy. Popular for its shape that makes it perfect for cats to grab onto and forcefully scratch with all fours, this toy will keep your kitty engaged thanks to the organic catnip stuffing that fills this banana-shaped toy to the brim.

42% of Pet Parents Feel Caring for Pets is More Stressful Than Kids!

Pets can be an incredible addition to any family, but they can also come with a bit of stress. In fact, a recent study revealed that nearly half of pet parents shared that caring for their pet was more stressful than caring for their partner or even their children! What is it about our pets that worries us the most? That was the goal of the recent survey conducted by OnePoll and ElleVet Sciences. They polled 2000 pet owners, asking them questions about their relationships, their pets, and the stress that they experience in their role. The answers revealed that the top three sources of stress in most people’s lives include their finances (54%), their job or career (49%), and their ability to care for their pets (42%). The survey went on to discuss reasons for being stressed about our pets, and there was one concern that the majority of respondents shared – as pet parents, we worry about our ability to provide the care our pets will need in their senior years. As our pets get older, their needs often change. We can see this in the way they act and the activities they engage in. A once hyperactive, high-energy dog may start to slow down and sleep more. A dog that easily jumped onto the couch most of their lives now requires stairs or a ramp to get up for cuddle time. Not all changes that come with aging are inherently bad, but 68% of parents say watching their pet age and suffer would be more hurtful to them than losing their job (61%) or breaking up with their partner (61%). “Supporting your pet through all stages of life can minimize their stress, allowing you to create more happy memories together,” shared Amanda Howland, co-founder and CCO of ElleVet Sciences. “As your pet gets older, it’s important to be proactive in identifying the signs of aging, such as difficulty moving, trouble sleeping, and social isolation. It’s all about more time, and more quality time with your pet, and for them, aging and stress are intertwined so taking care of discomfort-related aging and cognitive decline can reduce their stress significantly.” The concern shared by the survey respondents (and other pet parents nationwide) clearly illustrates how important our pets are in our lives. While 73% of those surveyed described their pet as their “protector,” they serve many other vital roles in our lives – our best friends, sounding boards, cheerleaders, motivators, and companions. Your senior pet may require some changes around the home. Throw rugs can be used to provide traction on slippery floors. Safety gates are key for blocking off unsafe areas like staircases that could lead to injury. Caring for our senior pets may be stressful, but it’s also an opportunity to repay our pets for everything they have given us throughout their lives. Even just setting aside time in your schedule each day for a walk around the block followed by a short cuddle on the couch can positively impact their lives, reducing stress and promoting better health. “Just like us, pets’ needs can change as they age, so their daily routines, diet, and exercise may need to be adjusted to improve their quality of life, as well as adding high-quality supplements,” Howland explained. “Small adjustments can ensure your pet’s golden years are less stressful for both themselves and their human companion.”

What Shapes Your Dog’s Personality? Harvard Neuroscientists Reveal

No two dogs are the same – each pooch has a personality of their own, complete with unique quirks and traits. But why is your dog the way they are? What shapes their personality and character? Why do they behave in a unique way, even when they belong to a certain breed with a distinct set of traits?This is the question that Erin Hecht, assistant professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard, is trying to answer. She is doing this through  The Canine Brains Project and recently held a  talk - centered on canine neuroscience - that was organized by Harvard’s Brain Science Initiative.According to Hecht, dogs have the potential to teach us so much about brain development, especially considering the fact that they were domesticated about 20,000 to 40,000 years before the present – which, on the evolutionary timeline, is quite recent. “Darwin saw dogs as a window on mechanisms of evolution,” Hecht said. “When we’re looking at dogs, as a natural experiment and brain behavior evolution all we have to do is look at their brains and see what evolution did in order to satisfy those selection requirements.”Hecht’s efforts were benefited by her lab, which performs MRI scans of dog brains – roughly 100 per year. They also conduct owner surveys that examine dogs’ work skills, especially those “ancient” ones, like hunting, guarding, herding, fetching, and so on. All this is then compared to breed parameters, like body size, skill size, and overall shape. “About 80 percent of the dogs living on the planet today are what’s known as village dogs. These are free-ranging animals that live as human commensals. So they’re living within human society, but they’re not pets,” Hecht said.Through such research, Hecht is hoping to determine what exactly shapes a dog’s personality. Through her lab work, she connects personality and skill differences in dogs to six special regions of their brains:-the regions controlling drive and reward -olfaction and taste-spatial navigation-social communication and coordination-fight or flight -and olfaction and vision“There has been very strong recent specific selection in individual breeds rather than founding effects in ancestral founding populations,” Hecht said. “So then we can look at behavior and ask whether the types of behaviors that different lineages have been selected for historically … [explain] each dog’s anatomy and these six brain networks. And it seems like there are some interesting relationships here.”But most importantly, it is concluded that these neural pathways are greatly impacted by the shape and size of a dog’s skull. “It stands to reason that if you’re manipulating the shape of a skull, you’re going to be manipulating the shape of the brain,” Hecht said. “But this confirms that dogs with these extreme skull morphotypes have impacts on their brain anatomy that likely affects behavior.”She also adds that even though some dogs have a brain “makeup” that suggests a unique disposition, it doesn’t “lock” them into a set behavior pattern. This is especially true for working skills. “Training is almost always necessary. I have yet to hear of any particular breed of working dog, where it’s just born knowing how to do its job,” Hecht said.So, a look “inside” your doggo’s brain might reveal why they are just the way they are. Would you be curious enough to let scientists take a peek?

What is the Best Dog Harness for Senior Dogs?

Final Thoughts – The Best Harness for Senior Dogs Many veterinarians and experts on the health and care of senior dogs will recommend using a harness. However, not all harnesses are created to meet the needs of every life stage. When selecting a harness for an older dog, there are unique factors to consider. This includes the weight and bulkiness of the harness, how easy it is to put it on/take it off, and the padding inside the harness for their comfort. Pay careful attention to ensure the design or fit doesn’t limit or impact movement. There are many great harness options on the market, including those made for regular wear and specialized lift support harnesses with convenient shoulder straps. If possible, visit your local pet store with your senior dog to check out your options firsthand. This will help you better assess the size needed and whether the design suits your dog’s unique needs. Most importantly, remember that there is no “one-size-fits-all” solution. You may find that you are using two different harnesses with two senior dogs in your home. That’s okay! The goal is to find the option that supports all your dog’s needs and helps you give them the best possible quality of life. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Why Do Some Dogs Have Bad Body Odor?

Dogs are cute, no doubt about that, but most of them are not winning awards for their lovely BO – in fact, if we’re being honest, most pooches are a bit stinky. Of course, if you make sure to keep them clean with regular baths, grooming, and teeth brushing, you can eliminate or at least significantly reduce any unpleasant smell. But sometimes, even if you are very attentive about your dog’s hygiene, they can still smell a bit funky. Why does this happen? And what should you do in that case? Lastly, is there a way to prevent unpleasant body odors in your dog? Let’s try and answer all these stinky questions.Why Does My Dog Smell Bad?Are you catching a whiff of something foul whenever your dog enters the room? Are you struggling to keep them clean and smelling fresh? There could be a number of reasons why your pupper is stinky, and it is important to go over everything in order to properly address this issue. Firstly, you want to consider their hygiene. Lack of regular grooming and bathing can lead to a buildup of dirt, oils, and bacteria on a dog's skin and coat, resulting in a bad odor. Make sure you are giving your dog a regular wash or a bath, and that you are using  special shampoos that are safe for pets and smell nice.

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