Study: Genetic Mutation Linked to Brachycephaly in Dogs

by Lori Ennis

May 30th, 2017 12:00 AM

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study genetic mutation linked to brachycephaly in dogs

Flat faces on Bulldogs and Pugs are cute, but they can lead to breathing problems. New research shows that those faces are linked to a genetic mutation in dogs and their skull development.

Researchers from the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh have studied DNA samples of almost 400 dogs. They believe they’ve found a genetic mutation that shapes the flat faces of breeds like Boxers, Bulldogs and Pugs. The researchers think that this finding also may give insight into birth defects in human children with regard to their head development while in the womb.

Related: UK Vets Warn Against Owning Flat-Faced Breeds

The dogs in the study were pedigreed and mixed breed, and had body scans that gave the scientists access to 3-dimensional images of their heads. They took measurements of the dogs’ skulls and were able to compare those measurements with genetic information. They noted specific DNA variations that they correlated with different head shapes.

They found that a variation in the gene SMOC2 was linked to the length of a dog’s face. When there was a mutated development of that gene, the animals with that mutation were found to have much flatter faces than other canines. This flat face is also known as brachycephalic, and can cause significant health issues in those affected.

Dr. Jeffrey Shoenbeck, lead researcher, says that this finding is important as it gives more information on the genetic and molecular composition that goes into skull formation in dogs and humans.

Related: Should A Breeder Be Allowed to Manipulate Genes in Order to Eradicate Disease?

Humans can be born brachycephalic as well, and the researchers now believe that based on their connections, screening of the SMOC2 gene in humans can bring a diagnosis of brachycephaly in children.

Many dogs are specifically bred for their brachycephalic attributes, though more and more veterinarians caution about doing so because of the extensive breathing problems that result from this breeding.

Lori Ennis

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Gordon Setter

Gordon Setter Basics Originally deployed in Scotland to retrieve hunted birds that had fallen to the ground, the Gordon Setter’s strong hunter’s instinct, skill with scents, and general companion qualities have made it a very popular breed indeed, as well as an enduring one. Having been officially recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1884, it is far ahead of many modern breeds that could be considered more popular. Today, a Gordon Setter is known as an excellent, loyal, and obedient breed that looks great with a properly-groomed coat but is also an ideal exercise partner and friend in the outdoors. As part of the Irish Setter’s pedigree, it’s hard to deny that the Gordon Setter has had a long, rich history of pleasing owners and hunters. But today, the breed can also be considered an ideal companion even if you don’t have any birds for it to sniff out – they are friendly, energetic, and respond well to training. If there’s ever a dog that exemplified the phrase “man’s best friend,” the Gordon Setter would have to be considered one of the leading contenders. Here’s more information about this strong, historical breed. The Gordon Setter can be an ideal companion even if you don’t have any birds for it to sniff out – it is friendly, energetic, and respond well to training. Origin It should be noted that many other dogs similar to the Gordon Setter have actually not retained its heritage like the Gordon Setter has. In the early 19th century, this breed became popular thanks to help from Duke Alexander, the fourth of Gordon, and continued to make its mark as a popular hunting breed with strong scent-sniffing instincts. Able and willing to please, the breed was brought over to America, as well, where it also found popularity enough to be recognized by the American Kennel Club long before the 20th century. With its strong hunter’s instincts and excellent companionship, they have enjoyed a relatively stable history as a breed, including their adherence to a “black-and-tan” coat that is considered perhaps its strongest trademark.

Chow Chow

Chow Chow Basics One of the most ancient of dog breeds, the Chow Chow – like other ancient breeds – hails from Asia. It first originated in Mongolia before being transported and bred in China. With a distinctive appearance (its name in Mandarin approximately translates as “puffy-lion dog”) full of hair and resembling a bear crossed with a dog, it’s hard to miss this dog. But what is its popularity like in the United States, and can these dogs be considered friendly roommates for you and your family? As we delve deeper into the world of Chow Chows – which is really the ancient world of dog breeds itself – we’ll find out more about what makes the Chow Chow such an interesting and unique breed. As it turns out, the rich history of this dog can be traced to working-class roots but the breed has risen to become more of a show dog and companion dog – or both, because when you have this breed as a companion, you’ll want to show it off! Here is an overview of the breed. One of the most ancient of dog breeds, the Chow Chow – like other ancient breeds – hails from Asia. Origin Like the Pug, another ancient breed, the Chow Chow comes from Asia. Specifically, the breed originally hails from northern China or Mongolia – and its history extends back as far as thousands of years. Even DNA analysis has confirmed that the Chow Chow is actually the oldest breed of dog in existence, its breed purity having been maintained for millennia. If that’s a little intimidating for you as a new dog owner, consider that these dogs survived so well because they made such excellent companions, and even workers, although they do have more cat-like personalities, as we’ll learn later one. In terms of tracing the dog’s history to specific dates, there are sculptures of Chow Chow-like dogs that date to the Han Dynasty, which ran from 206 B.C. to 22 A.D. Their history even comes up through the United States, as President Calvin Coolidge owned a Chow Chow.

Rover Boutique Offers Designer Dog Clothes for Refined Pooches

Your pup will strut his stuff in cool Canadian Designer Dog Clothes Some dogs like glitz and bling, other prefer to don a more refined, classic style. And for posh pups that love designer dog clothes, there’s Rover Boutique. A Canadian-owned and -operated company, Rover handcrafts durable and timelessly designer dog clothes for fashion-conscious dogs and their owners. Rover offers a selection of shirts, dresses, outerwear and accessories in six sizes to accommodate dogs from the small to big (they also do made to measure as well.) Perfect for a day on the water, the navy peacoat is made from mid-weight cotton twill and features a double-breasted design with velcro closure. We love the Skipper Peacoat, part of the Classic Collection. Perfect for a day on the water, the navy peacoat is made from mid-weight cotton twill and features a double-breasted design with velcro closure. Rover has a variety of coats, blazers, dress shirts (the Oxford shirt is too adorable for words), bow tie collars and dresses that will set your pooch apart from all the other dogs at its next obedience class reunion. For designer dog clothes that definitely make a statement, you can check out the full line of clothing at Rover’s website.

Yorkshire Terrier

Yorkshire Terrier Basics There are many different Terriers, but only one Yorkie. This is a superstar breed, beloved by small dog lovers for generation and with good reason. It’s hard not to fall for a Yorkie. Loyal and loving, these are dogs that owners bond with for life. Once you’ve had a little Yorkie in your life, it’s hard to go back. Are they flawless animals? Obviously not. No dog is perfect. But ask anyone with a Yorkie in their life and they’ll tell you that these energetic little fluff balls come close. The adorable Yorkie has that unmistakable, cute look that can’t be resisted. They are spunky, goofy, cute and confident – with plenty of affection for their humans. And this makes them fantastic family pets and dogs for single owners alike. Originating in England as rat and small vermin hunters, the cuddly Yorkshire Terrier has become a go-to lap dog (a much better lifestyle than rat eating). They may have started out as a working class dog, but their beautiful coat later made them a favorite in dog shows. Often referred to fans of the breed as “Yorkies,” this bold and fearless dog makes a great addition to any family. However if it’s a quiet and laid back kind of dog that you’re looking for, you’re out of luck with the Yorkshire Terrier. A feisty breed, the Yorkie loves attention and tends to bark. In many ways it’s a true breed of the English working class. A Yorkie too loves a bit of action and is full of energy – but at the end of the day, it’s all about love and good nature. Either way, keep in mind that this pup will make his presence known, for better or worse. That said, don’t let those character traits scare you off. The Yorkshire Terrier makes a great pet for families with older children and if properly socialized as a puppy, these little guys will make friends with all of the other animal members of your household. Read on to learn more about this enchanting breed and see if it’s a fit for your family. While they may not be for everyone, those who love Yorkies will never go back to another dog breed. Here is what you should know about the breed before you make it a part of your family. Often referred to fans of the breed as “Yorkies,” this bold and fearless dog makes a great addition to a family. Origin The Yorkshire Terrier was first bred in the 19th century in the county of Yorkshire, England to catch rats and other vermin in clothing mills. The Yorkshire Terrier was owned predominantly by the working class. In particular, they tended to live in the homes of professional weavers. An evolution of other terrier breeds, the Yorkshire Terrier can trace its heritage from the Waterside Terrier, Manchester Terrier and Paisley Terrier. So this sweet little pup has quite the pedigree. A part of the English Kennel Club since the club was started in 1873, the Yorkshire Terrier came to the U.S. in the 19th century where it has remained a popular breed. The portable pooch was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1885, and has become a popular breed in North American thanks to its big personality and luxurious coat. Perpetually popular, these dogs are favourites at pet shops and dogs shows alike. Pedigree

Chesapeake Bay Retriever

Chesapeake Bay Retriever Basics For many people, understanding dogs is simple. They find a friendly, loyal, easy-to-get-along with breed like the Golden Retriever or Labrador Retriever and they’ll never want for a good friend again. But for the dog lover who appreciates all sorts of breeds, the Retriever doesn’t only sporty, friendly dog most of us grew up learning about. There’s more to the retriever story, and one only has to travel to the United States – and the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, specifically – to find it. Of course, by now you know we’re referring to the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, perhaps one of the great under-appreciated dog breeds out there. You won’t have to look far to find a quality dog after you’ve encounter a Chesapeake Bay Retriever or two; many times, whether you live on your own or with a family, a great Chesapeake Bay Retriever will be exactly what you’ve been looking for in a dog. The uniquely American heritage and breeding is a benefit to those of us who keep our dog breeds simply and domestic. Here’s a little bit more about this great breed of dog that more people should be talking about. The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a classic retriever when it comes to behavior and training. Origin You don’t have to be a rocket scientist or, more fittingly, a dog historian to figure out where the Chesapeake Bay Retriever hails from. It’s not a trick question: the Chesapeake Bay Retriever does indeed trace the origins of its unique breed to the Chesapeake bay on the Atlantic seaboard of the United States. What’s unique about the origins of the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, however, is that you can trace their lineage to two very specific dogs. These dogs, named Sailor and Canton, were brought to Maryland at the dawn of the 19th century and bred with other dogs in order to create a breed unique in and of itself. These two dogs weren’t Chesapeake Bay Retrievers, but they were known as Newfoundland dogs, which suggest that you can indeed trace the history of the Chesapeake Bay Retrieve further back if you want. The retriever has become a favorite in the Maryland and Chesapeake Bay area, even becoming Maryland’s state dog in 1964. If the history of Sailor and Canton is ever challenged, we at least know that the breed was recognized as its own in the late 19th century, not unlike many breeds we would consider “older” than the Chesapeake Bay Retriever.

Mini Rex Rabbit

When seeking out a rabbit, most people will merely get whatever is available. This is a mistake. Like any other popular pet, there are a variety of rabbits out there with a variety of qualities. Not every rabbit is the right choice for every home. So how will you be able to spot the all-star rabbits from the bargain basement bunnies? Well, fortunately you’ve come to the right place. We’ve been taking a look at the finest rabbits out there, breed by breed. To day we explore the qualities of the Mini Rex Rabbit. Is this the right rabbit to bring into your family? Keep your eyeballs glued to this page and scroll on to find out. Mini Rex Rabbit Breed History/Origin The Rex fur gene in rabbits was first discovered in 1900s France. Soon after that, these types of rabbits were being bred all over the world. Their popularity exploded. You might even say that they bred like rabbits (please excuse the pun, it was irresistible). The ARBA recognized the original Rex Rabbit breed- these bunnies weigh about 9 lbs, but demand grew for a smaller version. As a result, the Mini Rex Rabbit was born. A rabbit that crammed all of the beloved qualities of the Rex into a tiny little furball. The Mini Rex breed was first developed by Monna R. Berryhill of Texas, who bred a black Dwarf Rex buck and a undersized Lynx Red doe. The litter produced seven kits, marking the first of the new breed. In 1986, Berryhill introduced the Mini Rex Rabbit, and the American Rabbit Breeders’ Association (ARBA) recognized it as a new breed of rabbit. Every since then, the Mini Rex has been a favourite pet of rabbit lovers everywhere. The Mini Rex rabbit is a popular breed for families looking for a first-time pet for their children. Overall Description The Mini Rex might be the pet that finally proves once and for all that size doesn’t matter. The diminutive size of these bunnies didn’t diminish their beauty. In fact, it’s quite the opposite! Rex rabbits are known for their well-proportioned physique, luxurious coat, and overall charming appearance. The miniature size of The Mini Rex rabbit only increases their appeal. It’s everything that everyone loves about the Rex packed into a tiny package that is even more adorable in every conceivable way. At half the size of the standard Rex, these rabbits weigh between 3 and 4.5 pounds when fully mature. The does (females) are bigger than the bucks (males). The Mini Rex Rabbit has a compact body type. Their backs are rounded, with well-developed shoulders, hindquarters, and midsection. The body is well-filled, the depth and width of it in balance. Legs are straight and rather short. When it comes to the head, it should be relatively close to to the shoulders, with a short neck, giving these bunnies an ever more compact appearance. The ears are thick and upright- their maximum length is 3.5 inches. A gorgeous physique that can only be described as a mini masterpiece of rabbit design. Coat

Chiweenie

Chiweenie BasicsDesigner dogs come in all shapes and sizes – and all sorts of diverse looks. But not all hybrid breeds can claim to be amongst the cutest out there. As far as designer dogs go, the Chiweenie is one of the most adorable ones around, and proudly makes that claim. As a mix of Dachshund and Chihuahua, these hybrids pack a big personality inside of a small body. Owing to its purebred parents, the feisty Chiweenie will sport adorable appearance and a compact size, and a charming, spunky personality. It really is no wonder that this adorable hybrid is picking up in popularity! Let’s find out what exactly makes them as special as they are!Dogs of this breed are friendly and loving, and make for ideal lap dogs. But don’t be fooled into thinking that these petite pooches are lazy couch potatoes! After a Chiweenie is done with cuddling, he’ll want to play… a lot. And only when he’s all tuckered out from playing, he’ll be content to sleep beside you on the couch.Ideal for singles, seniors and those who like to travel (the Chiweenie is quite portable) or live in an apartment or condo; this breed is attractive to a wide range of households. In many ways, it is this versatility that contributes to their widespread popularity. However, the breed does tend to bark, which they put to use in their role of chief watchdog. Is the Chiweenie the right dog for you? Read on to learn more about this cute breed.As far as designer dogs go, the Chiweenie is one of the cutest ones around. Long and small, this adorable hybrid is picking up in popularity.Origin The overwhelming majority of designer dogs has a mysterious past. Apart from the few of the most popular hybrids, dogs like Chiweenie have no origin story. However, even if there is no single breeder or clear creation timeline for this Chihuahua and Doxie mix, we can give an estimate of its origin. The Chiweenie is a relatively new breed of designer dog, which likely had its start in North America. They were bred as early as the 1990s, but are gaining popularity has more owners and fans sing their praises.Pedigree

Top 10 Black and White Dog Breeds

It’s not all black and white… unless you’re one of these pooches! Of you’re stuck on these two colors, check out our list of Black and White dog breeds.From author Truman Capote’s famed “Black and White” ball at New York’s iconic Plaza Hotel to the obsession of Disney’s fictional fashionista Cruella de Vil in 101 Dalmatians, the allure of this stylish two-tone color palette just never seems to wane.The striking contrast of monochromatic two-color coats remains popular now as ever, with dog owners all over the world. Now for those of us who appreciate a splash of drama in our own lives, we already know what a big bold statement a black and white dog can make. Whether he’s large or small, spotted, patchy or looks like he’s just slipped into a snappy tuxedo, your best buddy sure is a head-turner when you arrive at the dog park. Am I right?To be clear, all pooches collect a little snow on the roof as they age and many pure black dogs come with a whiff of a white bib or chin patch that adds a quirky sense of charm to their appearance. But we’re not talking about those fun little blips. We’re talking iconic black and white breeds where their stark coloring is as important a part of their “brand” as their ability to hunt, herd or guard. Sure, a black and white coat might not dictate their personality, skills, or predispositions for certain tasks, but it does make them stand out in the canine world when it comes to appearance. There are many black and white dog breeds out there, but we’ve selected the 10 most popular ones, both for their bold and dashing looks as well as their lovable personalities. Read on to learn which of these black and white beauties is the perfect match for your family! 

Belgian Shepherd

Belgian Shepherd Basics Also known as the Belgian Sheepdog, the Belgian Shepherd is a beautiful, long-coated breed that comes in a variety of colors. With their athletic build and superb stamina, these dogs excel in herding as well as various dog sports. Not only that, but their friendly temperament makes them an excellent choice for family life as well. If you’re looking for a highly trainable, medium- to large-sized breed, the Belgian Shepherd is certainly one to consider. Also known as the Belgian Sheepdog, the Belgian Shepherd is a beautiful, long-coated breed that comes in a variety of colors. Origin

Jack-A-Poo

Jack-A-Poo Basics The Jack-A-Poo is a lively little addition to the family that brings the super-charged energy of a Jack Russell Terrier together with the fun-loving, low-shedding properties of a Toy or Miniature Poodle. While he’s great with kids and is always up for a rigorous game of catch, he doesn’t always do well with other pets and early socialization is important. The Jack-A-Poo is a mix of Toy or Miniature Poodle and Jack Russell Terrier. Origin Because of the rise in popularity of low-shedding dogs, Poodles are often used in the creation of Designer Dogs and this pooch is a classic example of that cross-breeding. The Jack-A-Poo brings together the Miniature Poodle which dates back to 16th century Germany and the Jack Russell terrier that hales from mid-1800’s England. Pedigree

Springerdoodle

Springerdoodle BasicsWhen it comes to Poodle-mix designer breeds, there are a lot of options to choose from. There are many such hybrids, and they all vary in their characteristics. They can be cuddly and cute, or energetic and mischievous. It is often hard to find a designer breed that has a truly balanced set of character traits. But, if you’re specifically seeking a dog that will quickly become a member of your family, you may have just found it. The Springerdoodle is one of the most popular designer dog breeds (it is a a cross between a purebred English Springer Spaniel and Poodle) because it makes a fantastic family pet. They have a variety of lovely traits, and at their core they are just big friendly goofs. These enthusiastic and active dogs really love being around people, and they also enjoy being around other pets. The dogs thrive off of company and make an effort to plaster smiles on the faces of everyone around them. They are loyal, smart, easy to train, and eager to please. In other words, Springerdoodles are absolutely ideal family pets.This dog breed could be perfect for your family if you want a dog who will lift your spirits and entertain you both in the great outdoors and inside your home. They can even show a bit of a protective character, guarding their family with utmost loyalty. And while it’s hard to imagine a home that wouldn’t benefit from the presence of a Springerdoodle, every dog owner has their own needs and interests. Most people would adore having one of these pups around, while others might have different qualities that they seek out in a canine companion. Keep your eyes glued to this page and scroll away to learn some important facts about these great dogs and find out if this could be the ideal pup for you! There could very well be a Springerdoodle in your future. The only way to know for sure is to read on!The Springerdoodle is a cross between a purebred English Springer Spaniel and Poodle.Origin When it comes to relatively new and unique crossbreeds, it is always challenging to find their exact origins documented. In the past, many designer breeds came about by chance or accident – with two purebreds mating with one another without any design behind it. With that, it could be entirely possible that a Springerdoodle was made decades ago – there’s no way of knowing for certain. Still, even though we don’t know these particulars, there are things we can say with relative certainty. The Springerdoodle is a designer crossbreed from the United States, but unfortunately, there hasn’t been much official documentation kept about the history of designer dogs so we don’t know much beyond that. No breeder has claimed credit for creating or even naming these remarkable pups. All we know is that they entered the dog market at some point in the late 20th century. Our best bet is that the breed was specifically created during the 90’s, when there was a real craze for unique designer dogs, and many crossbreeds appeared for the first time then. Either way, the lack of a definite origin does not prevent us from adoring every little bit out of a Springerdoodle – they’re here now and here to stay, and that is all that matters in the end. Pedigree

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Cavachon

Cavachon Basics Choosing a dog can be incredibly difficult. There are so many incredible breed options out there. There are so many adorable doggos just begging to be loved. How could anyone possibly choose?! Fortunately, designer dogs help, combining the trains of multiple puppers in one perfect package. If you can’t make up your mind between the gentle Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the playful Bichon Frise, the Cavachon may be just the dog you are looking for. It combines the best of both worlds! As the offspring of two very popular small breed dogs, this hybrid promises to be a wonderful companion and a family pet. Plus you get all of that in an unbelievably adorable package! How could anyone possibly resist? This designer dog is not accepted by the AKC because it is technically a hybrid or crossbreed rather than a purebred dog. If you aren’t concerned with showing your dog, however, this may not be a problem at all. Despite the lack of official recognition, these lovely mixes offer a lot to their owners. In general, they are cute, smart, friendly, and have a sweet nature. What more could anybody want? However, you should keep in mind that the appearance and temperament of designer dogs like the Cavachon varies greatly from one litter to another. But, for the most part, you can expect a combination of Cavalier- and Bichon Frise-like characteristics. The only question is which parent’s genes will prevail! It’s a surprise every time. No two Cavachons are alike, even within the same litter. Still, given how wonderful his parents are, Cavachons tend to make for incredible companions regardless of how the gene pool shakes out. These dogs are bred to be loved and you will be powerless to resist their charms if you bring one into your home. If you can’t make up your mind between the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Bichon Frise, the Cavachon may be just the dog you are looking for. Origin Up until the Labradoodle became a worldwide phenomenon, designer dogs weren’t even a term, let alone a trend. Generally, all mixed breed dogs were considered to be mutts, no matter what their lineage was. That was snobbish judgment and thankfully those days are over. Everything changed when breeders realized that by intentionally crossing purebreds, they could eliminate some of the hereditary health issues and create improved new breeds in the process. Of course, it’s silly to think that there haven’t been any crosses between purebreds until designer dog breeds came to be. It’s just when their mixing became intentional that the dogs were selected for certain qualities rather than just being a product of an “accident”. Gleneden Kennels of Virginia claims to be the first to cross a Cavalier King Charles and a Bichon Frise in an effort to produce a new breed. According to them, the first litter of Cavachon was born in 1996, in the United States. Over 20 years later, the Cavachon continues to be a popular and beloved hybrid responsible for bringing furry joy to a vast number of happy homes. Pedigree

Bacon and Eggs Dog Muffin Recipe

The best part of waking up has to be our Bacon and Eggs Dog Muffins. This is one treat that’ll have your dog bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.Most dogs don’t have a problem getting up in the morning – well, at least that’s the case with my dogs. But these Bacon and Eggs Dog Muffins smell and taste so good, they’d get us out of bed! A staple of breakfast plates everywhere, these tasty treats are made with bacon and eggs… with a side of peanut butter.Why Bacon, Eggs and Peanut Butter?We’re pretty sure you don’t need to ask why for bacon. That’s all we have to say — bacon. But eggs and peanut butter?Yes. Eggs are super protein ingredients and have tons of essential amino acids and fatty acids. But even better, eggs are considered a complete food source! They offer Vitamins A and B12, Riboflavin, Iron, Folate and Selenium to your dog’s diet too. Those are key nutrition components for their overall health and wellness. And since we’re talking about amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein (that your dog desperately needs), eggs are one of the most complete sources of amino acids out there. Simply putting a raw egg on your dog’s din-din daily will boost his protein intake and keep his nutrient absorption high.Sometimes, people worry about eggs and dogs because the egg whites contain enzyme inhibitors. Enzyme inhibitors may affect digestion in old or very young dogs because enzymes are what’s needed to break food down to its smallest particle for complete digestion. But that really only needs to be a concern if you were feeding your dog nothing BUT eggs. Adding egg to a well-balanced diet will only enhance his nutrition intake. And, since these are cooked muffins, you won’t have to worry about that anyway. The same goes for worrying about biotin deficiency in dogs. Because the egg yolk is very high in biotin, your dog will not be subject to a biotin deficiency.What’s great about this muffin recipe is that even if you get a few eggshells in the mix, even better because eggshells have almost all the amino acids dogs need to stay healthy. In fact, eggshells can offer calcium and phosphorous to dogs, so it’s okay to get sloppy as you’re cracking and mixing.And getting eggshell into the recipe means you’re getting the eggshell membrane in too. That’s full of collagen, chondroitin, Glucosamine and Hyaluronic acid–which are great for joint pain relief in dogs (and humans, if you want to crush some shells).When it comes to peanut butter, we’re offering our dogs another superfood that is full of protein. It’s a nutritionally well-rounded ingredient because it gives your dog fiber, protein and healthy fats. It also offers niacin, Vitamins B and E and folic acid. This helps their molecular cell growth, while magnesium helps cell metabolism too. Your dog goes crazy for it in his kong because it’s just.that.delicious, so it’s a natural mix with eggs and bacon.Bacon and Eggs Dog Muffin RecipeMakes 12 muffinsIngredients:

Olde English Bulldogge

Olde English Bulldogge BasicsSome people want a new a shiny designer dog. A pup that looks lit and possibly even a little extra to suit their 21st century lifestyle. Other people aren’t so concerned with new and flashy canine aesthetics. They are seeking something a littler more classic. Something old enough that “old” will have to be spelled with an extra “e.” For this special breed of dog owner, there’s only one option. The Olde English Bulldogge is such a classic and old timey designer dog that even the word “dog” comes with an extra “e.” This is the perfect pup to suit anyone with a willfully analogue lifestyle. It goes well with a vinyl, VHS, scotch, and classic paperback collection.The Olde English Bulldogge is a strong and attractive canine that makes a wonderful family pet. If you are on the lookout for a companion that will love you fiercely and protect you from anyone who looks suspicious, this breed could be the perfect fit. Will this special and compact pup make a perfect match with you and your family? There’s only one way to find out. Keep your eyes glued to this page and scroll away. Everything that you could possibly want to know about the Olde English Bulldogge will be revealed. By the end of this article, you’ll either be racing out to your nearest designer dog breeder or searching for another doggy option.The Olde English Bulldogge is a cross between a purebred English Bulldog, American Bulldog, American Pit Bull Terrier, and Bullmastiff.Origin The Olde English Bulldogge is a designer dog breed from the United States. The origin and the creation of the breed are somewhat unique because the ultimate goal was not to create a new dog breed from scratch, but rather re-create a centuries-old breed. The Olde English Bulldogge was developed by David Leavitt in 1971, who crossed an English Bulldog with an American Bulldog, Pitbull, and Bullmastiff. His goal was to develop a canine that had the looks of the 18th century Bulldog and the personality of the modern English Bulldog. He also wanted to ensure the breed wouldn’t have breathing problems. That’s a complex goal for any dog breeder. Did David Leavitt succeed in his lofty plans? Let’s find out…Pedigree

Australian Bulldog

Australian Bulldog BasicsWhat do you get when you send a bulldog to the outback? An intelligent, fiercely loyal, and sweet-natured animal that you will love for the rest of your days. The Australian Bulldog is a great family pet, pure and simple. Quite laid back and affectionate, these dogs do great with children and can adapt to a wide variety of lifestyles. With owners that are willing to provide proper exercise and living conditions, an Aussie Bulldog can be just as happy in a city apartment as he is in a house with a large backyard. These dogs don’t need much beyond the right amount of food, exorcize, and attention.The Bulldog from ‘down under’ is quite similar to his English cousins, but with a few key differences. The Australian Bulldog bears a striking resemblance to the Bulldog, but it has clearly been influenced by other breeds like the Bullmastiff and the Boxer. These dogs may look like your average bulldog, but they were selectively bred to adapt them to the Australian environment. Australian bulldogs were bred with the intention of creating a more “functional” bulldog, one that had the size and strength necessary to do the job they were meant to do. These are more active animals than the typical bulldog, but still aren’t exactly the most athletic doggos out there.While their unique breeding does give them a few advantages over their purebred cousins, Australian Bulldogs still have certain requirements and quirks. Like all dogs, they have a unique personality and will need an owner willing to provide them everything they need for a long and happy life. Are you the sort of person who needs an Australian bulldog in your life? There’s only one way to find out. Don’t worry, it’s not that difficult. All you need to do is keep your eyes glued to this page scroll away! To find out if the Australian Bulldog is the right fit for your family, read on. Everything that you could possibly want to know about these remarkable pooches can be found below.The Australian Bulldog bears a striking resemblance to the Bulldog, but it has clearly been influenced by other breeds like the Bullmastiff and the Boxer.OriginThe name Australian Bulldog was given by Noel and Tina Green, the founders of the two breeding programs through which this breed was developed. The two breeding programs, N&T Green (Jag Lines) and Pip Nobes, were started separately and then merged in an effort to breed a more functional bulldog (specifically, one better adapted to the Australian environment). The first Australian Bulldog was introduced to the public in 1998 and the Aussie Bulldog Club of Australia (ABCA) was started in 2007, which runs a registration database to keep all records of breeding and memberships in one place, to help promote and develop the breed.Pedigree

Havapoo

Havapoo BasicsEveryone has different needs for what they need in a dog. Some are looking for service animals to aid with their ailments. Others seek working dogs to make their lives and jobs easier. However, if you’re looking for a cuddly, fluffy companion to spend your days with, the Havapoo is definitely a pup you should consider. Also referred to as a Poovanese (or even cuter and less bathroom themed names like Havanoodle or Havadoodle), this energetic little guy also has hypoallergenic fur, making him or her perfect for families looking for a furry friend that won’t cause a sneezing fit with each cuddle session. You can snuggle your Havapoo without fear allergy sufferers!As you may have gathered by now, the Havapoo is not a purebred dog. They are a cross between a Havanese and a Poodle (Miniature or Toy). These designer dogs inherit traits from both their mom and dad, resulting in a unique canine with a beautiful appearance and wonderful personality. Affectionate, smart, and easy to train, the Havapoo appeals to many potential owners. The only downside is that these dogs make such perfect companions that you may prefer your Havapoo to all of the humans in your life and withdraw accordingly.Havapoos are moderately active, which makes them good choices for small homes or apartments (provided that they are still brought outside to run and play at the park or in a fenced-in yard). Their low-maintenance exercise needs and sweet nature also the reason why retirees might find this adorable designer dog a perfect companion to share their golden years with. You’ll get all of the affection and attention that you’ve come to expect from the best dog breeds on the market with only a fraction of the exercise that those other pup’s require.The Havapoo is a mix of Havanese and Miniature or Toy Poodle dog breeds.Origin Designer dogs might be incredibly popular, but there’s still a lot we don’t know about the history of these breeds. People just haven’t taken the time to document it. After Labradoodle (a Lab and Poodle mix) made its debut in the 1980s, people went crazy about mixed breed dogs. That was especially true of those with a Poodle parent. Naturally, this created a sudden influx of “doodle” dogs on the market, making it hard to track the origin of every single hybrid that became popular. People just loved their doodles. The Havapoo, or the Poodle-Havanese mix, is one of these mysterious designer dogs with an origin that is almost impossible to pinpoint. Apart from the high probability that these hybrids came to be sometime in the last 20 to 30 years and that they had their start in the United States, there’s not much we know about the history of the Havapoo.Thankfully, the parents of this mix have long histories as pets and companions, and you can rely on the longevity of these breeds as a sold signpost of the Havapoo’s many lovable qualities.Pedigree

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